Exploratory Psychometric Properties of the Farsi and English Versions of the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ)
Abstract
:1. Background
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Translation and Validation of the Questionnaires
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measures
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants in Iran
3.2. Participants in New Zealand
3.3. Results of Translation and Validation of the Questionnaires
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
SpNQ | Spirituality Needs Questionnaire |
DUREL | Duke University Religion Index |
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Participant Characteristics | Iran (n) | Iran (%) | NZ (n) | NZ (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||
Age range | 18–77 | 35–82 | ||
Mean age | 53.60 (SD = 13.28) | 65.01 (SD = 12.90) | ||
Gender | ||||
Male | 35 | 51.47 | 29 | 53.70 |
Female | 33 | 48.52 | 25 | 46.29 |
Marital Status | ||||
Married | 62 | 91.17 | 42 | 77.77 |
Never been married | 5 | 7.35 | 6 | 11.11 |
Widowed | 1 | 1.47 | 4 | 7.40 |
Never been married | - | - | 2 | 3.70 |
Education Level | ||||
No school completed | 21 | 30.88 | 4 | 7.40 |
Primary school completed | 28 | 41.17 | 18 | 33.33 |
High school graduate | 18 | 26.47 | 29 | 53.70 |
University degree | 1 | 1.47 | 3 | 5.55 |
Employment | ||||
Employed | 7 | 10.29 | 20 | 37.03 |
Self employed | 19 | 27.94 | 5 | 9.25 |
Retired | 8 | 11.76 | 20 | 37.03 |
Home duties | 29 | 42.46 | 3 | 5.55 |
Unable to work | 2 | 2.94 | 6 | 11.11 |
Unemployed | 3 | 4.41 | - | - |
Religion | ||||
Moslem | 68 | 100 | - | - |
Christian | - | - | 51 | 94.45 |
No religion | - | - | 2 | 3.70 |
Prefer not to say | - | - | 1 | 1.85 |
Type of Cancer | ||||
Lung | 6 | 8.82 | 6 | 11.11 |
Stomach | 4 | 5.88 | 2 | 3.70 |
Colorectal | 8 | 11.76 | 13 | 24.07 |
Breast | 8 | 11.76 | 13 | 24.07 |
Leukaemia | 21 | 30.88 | - | - |
Ovarian | 4 | 5.88 | - | - |
Prostate | - | - | 6 | 11.11 |
Other | 17 | 25.00 | 14 | 25.92 |
Time since Diagnosis | ||||
≤6 months | 21 | 30.88 | 1 | 1.85 |
7–12 months | 17 | 25.00 | 23 | 42.59 |
13–24 months | 18 | 26.47 | 24 | 44.44 |
>24 months | - | - | 6 | 11.11 |
Cronbach’s Alpha | Time 1 | Time 2 |
---|---|---|
SpNQ (Iran) | 0.797 | 0.794 |
Religious Needs | 0.877 | 0.874 |
Need for inner peace | 0.824 | 0.822 |
Existentialistic needs | 0.543 | 0.534 |
Actively giving | 0.851 | 0.875 |
SPNQ (New Zealand) | 0.920 | 0.916 |
Religious needs | 0.945 | 0.948 |
Need for inner peace | 0.788 | 0.809 |
Existentialistic needs | 0.764 | 0.726 |
Actively giving | 0.772 | 0.780 |
Subscale | Mean Time 1 | α | Mean Time 2 | α | Mean Diff. | SD Diff. | Coefficient of Variation % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religious | 15.67 | 0.877 | 15.70 | 0.874 | −0.03 | 0.07 | 2.50 |
Inner peace | 9.89 | 0.824 | 9.94 | 0.822 | −0.05 | 0.06 | 7.97 |
Existentialistic | 5.89 | 0.543 | 5.67 | 0.534 | 0.22 | 0.10 | 17.35 |
Actively giving | 6.17 | 0.851 | 6.22 | 0.857 | −0.05 | −0.006 | 7.58 |
Subscale | Mean Time 1 | α | Mean Time 2 | α | Mean Diff. | SD Diff. | Coefficient of Variation % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Religious | 7.00 | 0.945 | 6.25 | 0.948 | 0.75 | 0.03 | 9.80 |
Inner peace | 8.98 | 0.788 | 8.07 | 0.809 | 0.91 | −0.31 | 9.92 |
Existentialistic | 5.13 | 0.764 | 4.14 | 0.726 | 0.99 | 0.14 | 19.06 |
Actively giving | 6.03 | 0.772 | 5.40 | 0.780 | 0.63 | −0.15 | 14.17 |
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Nejat, N.; Whitehead, L.; Crowe, M. Exploratory Psychometric Properties of the Farsi and English Versions of the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ). Religions 2016, 7, 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel7070084
Nejat N, Whitehead L, Crowe M. Exploratory Psychometric Properties of the Farsi and English Versions of the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ). Religions. 2016; 7(7):84. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel7070084
Chicago/Turabian StyleNejat, Nazi, Lisa Whitehead, and Marie Crowe. 2016. "Exploratory Psychometric Properties of the Farsi and English Versions of the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ)" Religions 7, no. 7: 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel7070084