Aseptic Ligatures Induce Marginal Peri-Implant Bone Loss—An 8-Week Trial in Rabbits
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Implants
Surface Roughness
2.2. Animal Model and Surgical Procedure
- (i)
- The soft tissue that adhered to the implant margin was removed by a 6 mm punch after removing the cutis.
- (ii)
- The implants were then unscrewed and the marginal bone trephined out using a 6 mm trephine.
2.3. Histology
2.3.1. Histological Sample Preparation
2.3.2. Histological Analysis: Qualitative and Quantitative
2.4. Gene Expression Analysis—qPCR
2.4.1. mRNA Isolation
2.4.2. Reverse Transcription (RT)
2.4.3. Assays Design and Validation
2.4.4. Real-Time Quantitative Polymerise Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR)
2.4.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Appearance at Sacrifice
3.2. Histological Results
3.2.1. Histomorphometrical Results
3.2.2. Qualitative Histological Results
Control Implants (No Ligature Involved)
Test Implants (Ligated with Silk or Cotton)
3.3. Gene Expression Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primer | Forward Sequence | Reverse Sequence | Accession Number | Biological Entity |
---|---|---|---|---|
ACTβ | GAGATGCCATGTGACGGAAG | TTACACAAATGCGATGCTGC | NM_001101683.1 | Reference gene |
ALPL | ACTGTGGACTACCTCTTG | GGTCAGTGATGTTGTTCC | XM_017346489 | Bone mineralization |
ARG1 | GGATCATTGGAGCCCCTTTCTC | TCAAGCAGACCAGCCTTTCTC | NM_001082108.1 | M2 macrophage |
C5aR1 | ACGTCAACTGCTGCATCAACC | AGGCTGGGGAGAGACTTGC | NM_017338812.1 | The complement system |
CD11β | TTCAACCTGGAGACTGAGAACAC | TCAAACTGGACCACGCTCTG | XM_008248697.2 | M1 macrophage |
CD19 | GGATGTATGTCTGTCGCCGT | AAGCAAAGCCACAACTGGAA | NM_002711879.3 | B lymphocytes |
CD4 | CAACTGGAAACATGCGAACCA | TTGATGACCAGGGGGAAAGA | NM_008254148.2 | T lymphocytes |
CD8 | GGCGTCTACTTCTGCATGACC | GAACCGGCACACTCTCTTCT | NM_008254148.2 | T lymphocytes |
GAPDH | CCGAGACACGATGGTGAAGG | TGTAGACCATGTAGTGGAGGTCA | NM_001082253.1 | Reference gene |
IL8 | CTTTTTGCCCTGACCATGCC | TCCTTCACAAGCGAGACCAC | NM_001171082.1 | Macrophage |
LDHA | ACAAGTGCACAAACAAGTGGT | AGAGCCCCTTAAGCATGGTG | NM_001082277 | Reference gene |
MCP1 | GCTCATAGCAGTCGCCTTCA | CATGAAGATCACAGCTTCTTTGGG | NM_001082294 | Macrophage fusion |
NCF1 | TTCATCCGCCACATTGCCC | GTCCTGCCACTTCACCAAGA | XM_001082102.1 | Neutrophil |
OC | AGAGTCTGGCAGAGGCTCAG | TCGCTTCACCACCTCGCT | XM_002715383 | Bone mineralization |
CTSK | ACTCTGAAGATGCCTACCCCT | TTCAGGGCTTTCTCATTCCCC | NM_001082641 | Bone resorption |
FGF2 | ATCTACACTGTGGAGCTTGCAG | TCATGCGGTCACACACTTCC | XM_002711077 | Fibroblast |
IL1β | TCCTTGGTGTTGTCTGGCAC | GGCCACAGGTATCTTGTCGTT | NM_001082201 | M1 macrophage |
IL6 | GAGGAAAGAGATGTGTGACCAT | AGCATCCGTCTTCTTCTATCAG | NM_001082064 | M1 macrophage |
VEGFα | CTTGGGTGCATTGGAGCCTT | CTTCACCACTTCGTGGGGTTTA | XM_017345155 | Endothelial cells |
TNFα | CTCTTTCCTGCTCGTGGCTG | GGAGGTTGTTTGGGGACTCTT | NM_001082263 | M1 Macrophage |
TRAP | CTGGGTTTGCAGGAGTTG | TTGAAGAGCAGCGACAGA | NM_001081988 | Bone resorption |
Target Gene | Relative Expression in Test versus Control | 95% CI Low | 95% CI High | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
NCF1 | 4.9 | 1.9 | 12.4 | 0.008 |
CD11β | 2.8 | 1.5 | 5.4 | 0.016 |
CD4 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 0.016 |
VEGFα | 1.6 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 0.05 |
TNFα | 1.7 | 0.9 | 2.9 | 0.08 |
ARG1 | 2.4 | 0.9 | 6.5 | 0.11 |
IL8 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.11 |
FGF2 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.11 |
CD8 | 3.9 | 0.5 | 27.4 | 0.22 |
CD19 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 12.3 | 0.22 |
OC | 1.7 | 0.7 | 4.2 | 0.25 |
C5aR1 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 0.31 |
TRAP | 1.7 | 0.5 | 5.4 | 0.37 |
IL1β | 0.7 | 0.2 | 2.5 | 0.58 |
IL6 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 2.5 | 0.58 |
ALPL | 1.2 | 0.5 | 3.1 | 0.64 |
MCP1 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2.8 | 0.84 |
CTSK | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 0.84 |
Target Gene | Relative Expression in Test versus Control | 95% CI Low | 95% CI High | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL6 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.04 |
CTSK | 0.7 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.04 |
OC | 0.6 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.07 |
NCF1 | 3.5 | 0.8 | 15.2 | 0.07 |
MCP1 | 2.2 | 0.8 | 5.9 | 0.08 |
CD19 | 2.7 | 0.6 | 12.3 | 0.13 |
CD11β | 2.6 | 0.6 | 12.2 | 0.14 |
TNFα | 0.4 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 0.19 |
FGF2 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 0.19 |
IL1β | 2.1 | 0.5 | 8.8 | 0.19 |
IL8 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 2.4 | 0.26 |
C5aR1 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 9.3 | 0.28 |
CD4 | 2.6 | 0.3 | 25.0 | 0.28 |
CD8 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 5.2 | 0.42 |
TRAP | 2.2 | 0.1 | 40.0 | 0.46 |
VEGFα | 1.8 | 0.2 | 20.4 | 0.49 |
ALPL | 0.8 | 0.2 | 4.4 | 0.76 |
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Reinedahl, D.; Galli, S.; Albrektsson, T.; Tengvall, P.; Johansson, C.B.; Hammarström Johansson, P.; Wennerberg, A. Aseptic Ligatures Induce Marginal Peri-Implant Bone Loss—An 8-Week Trial in Rabbits. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 1248. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081248
Reinedahl D, Galli S, Albrektsson T, Tengvall P, Johansson CB, Hammarström Johansson P, Wennerberg A. Aseptic Ligatures Induce Marginal Peri-Implant Bone Loss—An 8-Week Trial in Rabbits. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(8):1248. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081248
Chicago/Turabian StyleReinedahl, David, Silvia Galli, Tomas Albrektsson, Pentti Tengvall, Carina B. Johansson, Petra Hammarström Johansson, and Ann Wennerberg. 2019. "Aseptic Ligatures Induce Marginal Peri-Implant Bone Loss—An 8-Week Trial in Rabbits" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 8: 1248. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081248