Physical Frailty and Amyloid-β Deposits in the Brains of Older Adults with Cognitive Frailty
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Sample
2.2. Measurements
2.2.1. Frailty Definition
2.2.2. Functional Performance
2.2.3. Neuropsychological Battery
2.2.4. 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB)-PET Image Acquisition and Processing
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Quantitative and Visual Analysis Comparing SUVR between MCI and Cognitive Frailty Groups
3.3. Association between SUVR and Measures of Physical Function by Brain Region
3.4. Association between SUVR and Physical Frailty by Brain Region
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Appendix B
References
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Variable | Full Sample, n = 48 | Physical Frailty Status | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
MCI + Robust, n = 21 (43.8%) | Cognitive Frailty, n = 27 (56.3%) | |||
Demographics | ||||
Age, mean (SD) | 75.1 (6.55) | 74.6 (5.65) | 75.5 (7.28) | 0.644 |
Female, n (%) | 35 (73%) | 14 (67%) | 21 (78%) | 0.285 |
Education, y, mean (SD) | 9.4 (4.20) | 9.1 (4.12) | 9.7 (4.33) | 0.665 |
Frailty criteria, n (%) | ||||
Slow gait velocity | 5 (10.2%) | 0 | 5 (19%) | 0.034 |
Shrinking | 4 (8.2%) | 0 | 4 (15%) | 0.061 |
Weakness | 13 (26.5%) | 0 | 13 (48%) | <0.001 |
Exhaustion | 7 (14.3%) | 0 | 7 (26%) | 0.009 |
Low activity level | 11 (22.4%) | 0 | 11 (41%) | <0.001 |
Cognitive functioning | ||||
MMSE (score), mean (SD) | 24.3 (2.31) | 24.7 (2.46) | 24.0 (2.19) | 0.285 |
Cognitive impairment (MMSE <23), n (%) | 18 (36.7%) | 6 (27.3%) | 13 (48.1%) | 0.142 |
CERAD-K | ||||
Memory, mean (SD) | 25.0 (5.74) | 24.5 (5.97) | 25.4 (5.63) | 0.622 |
Construction, mean (SD) | 9.7 (1.44) | 10.2 (1.33) | 9.3 (1.44) | 0.039 |
Execution, mean (SD) | 13.3 (4.58) | 14.9 (4.59) | 12.1 (4.25) | 0.035 |
Naming, mean (SD) | 10.0 (2.43) | 10.1 (2.37) | 9.9 (2.53) | 0.816 |
Total score, mean (SD) | 58.0 (10.06) | 59.7 (10.63) | 56.6 (9.56) | 0.296 |
MCI + Robust | Cognitive Frailty | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Frontal cortex | 1.28 ± 0.41 | 1.47 ± 0.54 | 0.371 |
Temporal cortex | 1.24 ± 0.35 | 1.40 ± 0.50 | 0.433 |
Parietal cortex | 1.27 ± 0.43 | 1.44 ± 0.54 | 0.438 |
PC/PCC | 1.43 ± 0.46 | 1.63 ± 0.60 | 0.424 |
Hippocampus | 1.22 ± 0.21 | 1.27 ± 0.16 | 0.330 |
Basal ganglia | 1.37 ± 0.37 | 1.43 ± 0.35 | 0.560 |
Global ‡ | 1.32 ± 0.39 | 1.41 ± 0.40 | 0.429 |
Weight Loss | Exhaustion | Weakness | Slowness | Low Activity | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | p | β | p | β | p | β | p | β | p | |
Frontal cortex | −0.149 | 0.312 | 0.072 | 0.627 | 0.367 | 0.010 | −0.033 | 0.821 | −0.023 | 0.877 |
Temporal cortex | −0.138 | 0.350 | −0.010 | 0.345 | 0.377 | 0.008 | −0.003 | 0.986 | −0.020 | 0.895 |
Parietal cortex | −0.179 | 0.223 | 0.076 | 0.609 | 0.328 | 0.023 | 0.000 | 0.997 | −0.035 | 0.811 |
PC/PCC | −0.144 | 0.327 | 0.049 | 0.742 | 0.372 | 0.009 | 0.030 | 0.837 | −0.017 | 0.911 |
Hippocampus | 0.018 | 0.905 | −0.086 | 0.563 | 0.377 | 0.008 | 0.030 | 0.841 | −0.010 | 0.946 |
Basal ganglia | −0.104 | 0.482 | −0.047 | 0.753 | 0.374 | 0.009 | 0.011 | 0.943 | −0.030 | 0.842 |
Global ‡ | −0.148 | 0.316 | 0.033 | 0.823 | 0.371 | 0.009 | 0.002 | 0.991 | −0.025 | 0.864 |
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Yoon, D.H.; Lee, J.-Y.; Shin, S.A.; Kim, Y.K.; Song, W. Physical Frailty and Amyloid-β Deposits in the Brains of Older Adults with Cognitive Frailty. J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7, 169. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7070169
Yoon DH, Lee J-Y, Shin SA, Kim YK, Song W. Physical Frailty and Amyloid-β Deposits in the Brains of Older Adults with Cognitive Frailty. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2018; 7(7):169. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7070169
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoon, Dong Hyun, Jun-Young Lee, Seong A Shin, Yu Kyeong Kim, and Wook Song. 2018. "Physical Frailty and Amyloid-β Deposits in the Brains of Older Adults with Cognitive Frailty" Journal of Clinical Medicine 7, no. 7: 169. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7070169