Diagnosing Lung Cancer: The Complexities of Obtaining a Tissue Diagnosis in the Era of Minimally Invasive and Personalised Medicine
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Changing Landscape of Lung Cancer Treatment
3. Changing Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
4. Obtaining a Tissue Diagnosis
4.1. Radial Probe Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS)
4.2. Electromagnetic Navigation (EMN)
4.3. Cryobiopsy
5. Concomitant Diagnosis and Staging for Non-Small Lung Cancer
6. Specialised Testing on Small Specimens
6.1. Molecular Testing
6.2. Immunologic Testing
7. Further Research
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Diagnostic Stage | Diagnostic Modality | Sensitivity (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Central | Peripheral | ||
Initial Diagnosis | Sputum cytology | 71 | 49 |
Bronchoscopy | 88 | 78 | |
Washings | 47 | 43 | |
Brushings | 56 | 54 | |
Biopsy | 74 | 57 | |
Radiologically guided transthoracic biopsy | - | 90 | |
Radial probe EBUS | - | 73 | |
Electromagnetic navigation | - | 68 | |
Cryobiopsy | 95 | 74 | |
Linear EBUS TBNA | 82 | - | |
Mediastinal Staging | Bronchoscopic TBNA | 78 | |
Linear EBUS TBNA | 89 | ||
EUS | 89 | ||
EUS + EBUS | 91 | ||
Video assisted surgical mediastinoscopy | 89 |
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McLean, A.E.B.; Barnes, D.J.; Troy, L.K. Diagnosing Lung Cancer: The Complexities of Obtaining a Tissue Diagnosis in the Era of Minimally Invasive and Personalised Medicine. J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7, 163. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7070163
McLean AEB, Barnes DJ, Troy LK. Diagnosing Lung Cancer: The Complexities of Obtaining a Tissue Diagnosis in the Era of Minimally Invasive and Personalised Medicine. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2018; 7(7):163. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7070163
Chicago/Turabian StyleMcLean, Anna E. B., David J. Barnes, and Lauren K. Troy. 2018. "Diagnosing Lung Cancer: The Complexities of Obtaining a Tissue Diagnosis in the Era of Minimally Invasive and Personalised Medicine" Journal of Clinical Medicine 7, no. 7: 163. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7070163