Quality of Life in the First Year after Ischemic Stroke Treated with Acute Revascularization Therapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients and Design
2.2. Data Collection and Patients’ Follow-Up
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Patients’ Characteristics
3.2. Description and Time Evolution of SS-QoL Scores
3.3. Time-Adjusted Bivariate Analysis
3.4. Multivariate Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Overall * (n = 900) | Excluded *,1 (n = 399) | Included * (n = 501) | p-Value 2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic characteristics | |||||||
Female | 449 | (50%) | 202 | (51%) | 247 | (49%) | 0.49 |
Age | 75 | (64, 83) | 79 | (70, 87) | 70 | (60, 80) | <0.001 |
Age ≥ 75 years old | 457 | (51%) | 252 | (63%) | 205 | (41%) | <0.001 |
Lifestyle | |||||||
Institution | 49 | (6%) | 44 | (11%) | 5 | (1%) | <0.001 |
individual housing | 840 | (94%) | 347 | (89%) | 493 | (99%) | |
School level | |||||||
Higher than High school diploma | 163 | (26%) | 40 | (20%) | 123 | (29%) | 0.016 |
Employement status | |||||||
Unemployed | 88 | (11%) | 31 | (10%) | 57 | (12%) | <0.001 |
Employed | 131 | (17%) | 27 | (9%) | 104 | (22%) | |
Retired | 563 | (72%) | 249 | (81%) | 314 | (66%) | |
Medical History | |||||||
18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 25 | 273 | (30%) | 95 | (24%) | 178 | (36%) | <0.001 |
BMI > 25 | 386 | (43%) | 137 | (34%) | 249 | (50%) | |
BMI < 18.5 | 241 | (27%) | 167 | (42%) | 74 | (15%) | |
Hypertension | 560 | (63%) | 275 | (71%) | 285 | (58%) | <0.001 |
Diabetes | 136 | (15%) | 81 | (21%) | 55 | (11%) | <0.001 |
Hypercholesterolemia | 298 | (34%) | 129 | (34%) | 169 | (34%) | 0.74 |
Active smoker | 157 | (18%) | 50 | (13%) | 107 | (22%) | <0.001 |
Coronary artery disease | 117 | (13%) | 62 | (16%) | 55 | (11%) | 0.043 |
OSA | 78 | (9%) | 44 | (11%) | 34 | (7%) | 0.005 |
PAD | 36 | (4%) | 26 | (7%) | 10 | (2%) | 0.002 |
AF | 319 | (36%) | 191 | (49%) | 128 | (26%) | <0.001 |
Cancer | 135 | (15%) | 66 | (17%) | 69 | (14%) | 0.13 |
CKD | 49 | (6%) | 31 | (8%) | 18 | (4%) | 0.010 |
Previous Stroke | 113 | (13%) | 62 | (16%) | 51 | (11%) | 0.028 |
Stroke location | 0.36 | ||||||
Anterior circulation | 725 | (85%) | 326 | (86%) | 399 | (84%) | |
Posterior circulation | 128 | (15%) | 52 | (14%) | 76 | (16%) | |
Acute stroke treatment | <0.001 | ||||||
IVT | 425 | (48%) | 155 | (39%) | 270 | (55%) | |
Mixed | 176 | (20%) | 72 | (18%) | 104 | (21%) | |
MT | 292 | (33%) | 171 | (43%) | 121 | (24%) | |
Glasgow score | <0.001 | ||||||
15 | 662 | (74%) | 269 | (68%) | 393 | (78%) | |
[9–14] | 89 | (10%) | 55 | (14%) | 34 | (7%) | |
<9 | 147 | (16%) | 73 | (18%) | 74 | (15%) | |
Handicap scores and stroke severity | |||||||
Pre-stroke mRS | 0 | (0, 1) | 0 | (0, 3) | 0 | (0, 0) | <0.001 |
NIHSS at admission | 11 | (6, 18) | 16 | (9, 20) | 9 | (5, 15) | <0.0001 |
NIHSS at 24 h | 6 | (2, 14) | 13 | (6, 20) | 4 | (1, 8) | <0.001 |
6 Month | 12 Month | Evolution from 6 to 12 Months | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Median | (IQR) | n | Median | (IQR) | Mean | ±Std | |
Self-care | 408 | 100 | (80, 100) | 368 | 100 | (95, 100) | +1.83 | ±13.6 |
Mobility | 407 | 87 | (54, 100) | 367 | 92 | (63, 100) | +1.87 | ±17.7 |
Mood | 403 | 90 | (70, 100) | 368 | 95 | (70, 100) | −0.26 | ±21 |
Social role | 403 | 80 | (31, 100) | 367 | 90 | (50, 100) | +3.80 | ±28.7 |
Self-Care | Mobility | Mood | Social Roles | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate 1 | p-Value 2 | Time Interaction 3 | Estimate 1 | p-Value 2 | Time Interaction 3 | Estimate 1 | p-Value 2 | Time Interaction 3 | Estimate 1 | p-Value 2 | Time Interaction 3 | |
Sex Male | 87.00 | - | 78.90 | - | 80.97 | - | 69.51 | - | ||||
Female | 80.27 | 0.0112 | NS | 66.42 | <0.0001 | NS | 79.59 | 0.5758 | NS | 61.00 | 0.0196 | NS |
Age < 75 yrs | 89.45 | - | 80.65 | - | 82.09 | - | 70.34 | - | ||||
≥75yrs | 75.46 | <0.0001 | 0.0189 | 61.32 | <0.0001 | 0.0464 | 77.57 | 0.071 | 0.0026 | 58.42 | 0.0007 | NS |
School level < High school | 82.71 | - | 71.61 | - | 80.96 | - | 64.95 | - | ||||
≥High school | 92.74 | 0.0006 | NS | 83.09 | 0.0006 | NS | 83.83 | 0.2978 | NS | 73.69 | 0.0341 | NS |
BMI 18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 25 | 85.84 | - | 74.49 | - | 81.38 | - | 63.53 | - | ||||
BMI > 25 | 84.20 | 0.5679 | NS | 73.40 | 0.7343 | NS | 81.20 | 0.9452 | NS | 67.99 | 0.2540 | NS |
BMI < 18.5 | 76.50 | 0.0247 | NS | 65.42 | 0.0524 | NS | 73.85 | 0.0572 | NS | 60.83 | 0.6414 | NS |
Hypertension No | 88.65 | - | 79.39 | - | 81.18 | - | 72.10 | - | ||||
Yes | 80.21 | 0.0016 | NS | 67.98 | 0.0001 | NS | 79.26 | 0.4459 | NS | 60.23 | 0.0011 | NS |
Diabetes No | 83.87 | - | 73.54 | 79.84 | - | 66.92 | - | |||||
Yes | 81.08 | 0.512 | NS | 66.38 | 0.1271 | NS | 80.03 | 0.9621 | NS | 56.73 | 0.0735 | NS |
CAD No | 84.32 | - | 73.35 | - | 80.28 | - | 66.16 | - | ||||
Yes | 79.04 | 0.2056 | NS | 68.36 | 0.2850 | NS | 80.18 | 0.9793 | NS | 59.45 | 0.2327 | NS |
OSA No | 84.49 | - | 73.45 | - | 80.84 | - | 66.32 | - | ||||
Yes | 73.54 | 0.0357 | 0.0229 | 62.76 | 0.0702 | NS | 72.77 | 0.1027 | NS | 57.06 | 0.1901 | NS |
AF No | 86.16 | - | 75.02 | - | 81.04 | - | 65.85 | - | ||||
Yes | 76.67 | 0.0017 | NS | 64.74 | 0.0024 | NS | 77.65 | 0.2332 | NS | 64.09 | 0.6675 | NS |
Previous Stroke No | 84.68 | - | 73.38 | - | 80.50 | - | 67.01 | - | ||||
Yes | 75.08 | 0.0286 | NS | 65.25 | 0.0951 | NS | 76.41 | 0.3215 | NS | 55.20 | 0.0434 | NS |
PAD No | 83.52 | - | 72.57 | - | 79.57 | - | 65.76 | - | ||||
Yes | 82.39 | 0.9077 | NS | 49.97 | 0.0372 | NS | 85.43 | 0.5304 | NS | 49.20 | 0.2154 | NS |
CKD No | 84.11 | - | 73.22 | - | 80.41 | - | 66.51 | - | ||||
Yes | 68.70 | 0.0312 | NS | 52.45 | 0.0091 | NS | 71.45 | 0.1827 | NS | 34.35 | 0.0009 | NS |
Cancer No | 83.26 | - | 72.98 | - | 80.42 | - | 65.92 | - | ||||
Yes | 85.29 | 0.5959 | NS | 69.90 | 0.4702 | NS | 78.05 | 0.5060 | NS | 61.07 | 0.3483 | NS |
Acute treatment IVT | 87.13 | - | 77.40 | - | 83.34 | - | 71.27 | - | ||||
Combined | 84.20 | 0.3847 | NS | 71.73 | 0.130 | 0.0484 | 80.77 | 0.4132 | NS | 63.34 | 0.0749 | NS |
MT | 76.17 | 0.0007 | NS | 62.95 | <0.0001 | NS | 73.41 | 0.0011 | NS | 53.01 | <0.0001 | 0.0095 |
Pre-stroke mRS [0–2] | 85.50 | - | 75.15 | - | 80.33 | - | 68.21 | - | ||||
[3–5] | 62.41 | <0.0001 | NS | 44.46 | <0.0001 | NS | 81.12 | 0.8741 | NS | 28.28 | <.0001 | 0.0016 |
NIHSS at 24h [0–4] | 94.57 | - | 80.23 | - | 84.63 | - | 74.40 | - | ||||
[5–15] | 76.99 | <0.0001 | 0.0002 | 68.60 | 0.0001 | NS | 73.15 | <0.0001 | NS | 57.70 | <0.0001 | NS |
[16–20] | 43.68 | <0.0001 | NS | 46.40 | <0.0001 | NS | 69.55 | 0.0086 | NS | 27.75 | <0.0001 | NS |
[>20] | 36.20 | <0.0001 | NS | 30.87 | <0.0001 | NS | 93.26 | 0.289 | 0.0053 | 56.18 | 0.1157 | NS |
Variable | Estimate 1 | Standard Error | p-Value for Variable Effect 2 | p-Value for Time * Variable Interaction 3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SS-QoL Self-Care | |||||
Intercept 4 | 98.79 | 1.94 | - | ||
Period | 12 months (vs 6 months) | −1.15 | 1.33 | 0.3879 | - |
Age | ≥75 yrs | −9.51 | 2.33 | <0.0001 | 0.0853 |
School level | ≥High school | +4.86 | 2.15 | 0.0244 | NT |
Anterior stroke | Yes | +4.24 | 3.21 | 0.1873 | NT |
OSA | Yes | −8.19 | 4.29 | 0.0570 | 0.0337 |
Pre-stroke mRS | [3–5] (vs. [0–2]) | −13.39 | 3.88 | 0.0006 | NT |
24 h NIHSS score (ref [0–4]) | [5–15] | −14.53 | 2.37 | <0.0001 | 0.0053 |
[16–20] | −46.77 | 6.30 | <0.0001 | NT | |
[>20] | −56.56 | 7.63 | <0.0001 | NT | |
SS-QoL Mobility | |||||
Intercept 4 | 90.00 | 2.87 | <0.0001 | ||
Period | 12 months (vs. 6 months) | −2.20 | 1.82 | 0.2281 | - |
Sex | Female | −4.52 | 2.63 | 0.0860 | NT |
Age | >75 yrs | −13.45 | 2.99 | <0.0001 | 0.0194 |
School level | ≥High school | +5.99 | 2.90 | 0.0399 | NT |
PAD | Yes | −19.47 | 8.47 | 0.0221 | NT |
Acute treatment (ref: IVT) | Mixed | −6.62 | 3.61 | 0.0678 | 0.0072 |
MT | −7.09 | 3.76 | 0.0602 | 0.0875 | |
Pre-Stroke mRS | [3–5] (vs. [0–2]) | −20.84 | 5.20 | <0.0001 | NT |
24 h NIHSS score (ref [0–4]) | [5–15] | −6.55 | 2.84 | 0.0217 | NT |
[16–20] | −33.69 | 6.36 | <0.0001 | NT | |
[>20] | −41.34 | 8.49 | <0.0001 | NT |
Variable | Estimate 1 | Standard Error | p-Value for Variable Effect 2 | p-Value for time * variable Interaction 3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SS-QoL Mood | |||||
Intercept | 88.07 | 2.10 | <0.0001 | ||
Period | 12 months (vs. 6 months) | −3.65 | 1.86 | 0.0510 | - |
Age | ≥75 yrs | −5.14 | 2.51 | 0.0416 | 0.0015 |
Acute treatment (ref IVT) | Mixed | −2.35 | 2.81 | 0.4027 | NT |
MT | −6.02 | 2.77 | 0.030 | NT | |
24 h NIHSS score (ref [0–4]) | [5–15] | −9.83 | 2.68 | 0.0003 | NT |
[16–20] | −9.75 | 5.93 | 0.1008 | NT | |
[>20] | +11.45 | 8.17 | 0.1615 | 0.0048 | |
SS-QoL Social roles | |||||
Intercept | 78.67 | 2.93 | <.0001 | - | |
Period | 12 months (vs. 6 months) | +3.47 | 1.71 | 0.0427 | - |
Sex | Female | −5.13 | 3.02 | 0.0907 | NT |
School level | ≥High school | +5.92 | 3.36 | 0.0784 | NT |
Chronic kidney disease | Yes | −21.54 | 8.29 | 0.0097 | NT |
Pre- Stroke mRS | [3–5] (vs. [0–2]) | −37.93 | 7.33 | <0.0001 | 0.0006 |
24 h NIHSS score (ref [0–4]) | [5–15] | −14.53 | 3.22 | <0.0001 | NT |
[16–20] | −37.73 | 7.37 | <0.0001 | NT | |
[>20] | −24.44 | 10.18 | 0.0168 | NT |
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Do Rego, A.M.; Duloquin, G.; Sauvant, M.; Amaral, S.; Thomas, Q.; Devilliers, H.; Béjot, Y. Quality of Life in the First Year after Ischemic Stroke Treated with Acute Revascularization Therapy. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 3240. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113240
Do Rego AM, Duloquin G, Sauvant M, Amaral S, Thomas Q, Devilliers H, Béjot Y. Quality of Life in the First Year after Ischemic Stroke Treated with Acute Revascularization Therapy. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(11):3240. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113240
Chicago/Turabian StyleDo Rego, Aboudou Matinou, Gauthier Duloquin, Marie Sauvant, Simon Amaral, Quentin Thomas, Hervé Devilliers, and Yannick Béjot. 2022. "Quality of Life in the First Year after Ischemic Stroke Treated with Acute Revascularization Therapy" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 11: 3240. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113240