State-of-the-Art Organic- and Inorganic-Based Hollow Fiber Membranes in Liquid and Gas Applications: Looking Back and Beyond
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Fundamental Aspects of Hollow Fiber Membranes
2.1. Structural Analyses on Hollow Fiber Membrane
2.2. Phase Inversion Mechanism during Hollow Fiber Formation
3. Types of Hollow Fiber and Their Preparation Route
3.1. Organic and Inorganic Materials-Derived Hollow Fiber Membranes
3.2. Composite Hollow Fiber Membranes
4. Applications of Hollow Fiber Membranes
4.1. Microfiltration (MF)
4.2. Nanofiltration (NF)/Organic Solvent Nanofiltration (OSN)
4.3. Reverse Osmosis (RO)/Organic Solvent Reverse Osmosis (OSRO)
4.4. Forward Osmosis (FO)/Organic Solvent Forward Osmosis (OSFO)
4.5. Pervaporation
Membrane a | Water-Organic Mixture | Feed Composition (wt%) | Operating Temperature (°C) | Water Flux (kg/m2 h) | Separation Factor | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CS-PSS/ceramic b | water-ethanol | 10/90 | 70 | 0.495 | 904 | [355] |
NaA/alumina b | water-ethanol | 10/90 | 75 | 12.8 | 10,000 | [356] |
NaA/alumina b | water-ethanol | 10/90 | 75 | 19.7 | >80,000 | [357] |
T-type zeolite/YSZ b | water-ethanol | 10/90 | 70 | 0.78 | >90 | [358] |
CTA/UiO-66-NH2/Ultem c | water-ethanol | 15/85 | 50 | 2.667 | 152 | [359] |
PA/PES/silicon rubber d | water-ethanol | 15/85 | 50 | 7.5 | 60 | [360] |
PA/TEPA/PAN d | water-ethanol | 10/90 | 25 | 0.342 | 366 | [361] |
CS-PVA/PVDF b | water-isopropanol | 10/90 | 60 | 0.306 | 2140 | [362] |
CS-TMC/alumina b | water-isopropanol | 10/90 | 70 | 0.908 | 8993 | [363] |
CTA/Ultem b | water-isopropanol | 13.3/86.7 | 125 | 13.41 | 1332 | [364] |
MoS2-PEI/TiO2/ceramic b | water-isopropanol | 10/90 | 70 | 5.697 | 320 | [365] |
PA/Ultem/PDMS b | water-isopropanol | 15/85 | 50 | 2.65 | 246 | [366] |
Teflon/Ultem b | water-isopropanol | 5/95 | 125 | 4.625 | 383 | [367] |
T-type zeolite/YSZ b | water-isopropanol | 10/90 | 75 | 7.36 | >10,000 | [368] |
PA/TiO2/alumina d | water-isopropanol | 10/90 | 60 | 6.44 | >12,000 | [188] |
UiO-66/YSZ b | water-isobutanol | 5/95 | 50 | 4.81 | >45,000 | [369] |
SA/TDI-GA/CTA-PAN d | water-isobutanol | 2/98 | 25 | 0.021 | 3229 | [370] |
CHA zeolite/YSZ b | water-acetic acid | 50/50 | 75 | 12 | >10,000 | [372] |
DD3R/ceramic b | water-acetic acid | 70/30 | 95 | 0.58 | 800 | [191] |
DD3R-APTES/ceramic b | water-acetic acid | 10/90 | 75 | 0.23 | 1700 | [373] |
SA-TDI-GA/CTA-PAN b | water-acetic acid | 5/95 | 25 | 0.012 | 708 | [370] |
P84/EDA b | water-acetone | 15/85 | 50 | 1.8 | 53 | [374] |
PBI/PEI’ b | water-ethyl acetate | 2/98 | 60 | 0.82 | 2478 | [375] |
UiO-66/YSZ b | water-furfural | 5/95 | 50 | 5.95 | >45,000 | [369] |
water-tetrahydrofuran | 5/95 | 70 | 4.06 | >45,000 | [369] | |
T-type zeolite/alumina b | water-ethanol-acetic acid | 9.3/83.8/6.9 | 75 | 2.25 | 1348 | [395] |
GO-PVA-TEOS/alumina b | water-isopropanol-epichlorohydrin | 20/30/50 | 30 | 0.09 | 4844 | [396] |
4.6. Gas and Vapor Separation
4.7. Membrane Distillation (MD)
4.8. Membrane Contactor
4.9. Other
5. Emerging R&D on Hollow Fiber Membranes
5.1. Green Fabrication Technique
5.1.1. Green Solvent
5.1.2. Solvent-Free Method
5.2. Modification of Hollow Fiber Membranes via Greener Approach
5.3. Green Materials for Hollow Fiber Membranes Fabrication
6. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
2D | Two-dimensional |
6FDA | 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride |
Abn-NH | Amino functionalized acid activated bentonite clay |
AF | Acid Fuchsin |
Ag | Silver |
Al2O3 | Aluminium oxide |
APTES | 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane |
AR88 | Acid Red 88 |
B2RL | Direct Fast Blue B2RL |
BBR | Brilliant Blue R |
BCBZ | BaCo0.85Bi0.05Zr0.1O3−δ |
BPDA | 3,3′-4,4′-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride |
BSA | Bovine serum albumin |
BSCF | Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ |
BTB | Bromothymol Blue |
C2H4 | Ethane or ethylene |
C3H6 | Propylene or propene or paraffin |
C3H8 | Propane or olefin |
CECs | Contaminants of emerging concern |
CFB | Chromatrope FB |
CHA | Chabazite |
CL | Chitosan lactate |
Cl− | Chloride ions |
CMPs | Conjugated microporous polymers |
CMS | Carbon molecular sieve |
CO2 | Carbon dioxide |
COF(s) | Covalent organic framework(s) |
CQDs | Carbon quantum dots |
CR | Congo Red |
CTA | Cellulose triacetate |
c-TiO2 | Carboxylated TiO2 |
DABA | Diaminobenzoic acid |
DAM | 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-phenylene diamine |
DAPE | 1,3-diaminopropane |
DCMD | Direct contact membrane distillation |
DD3R | Decadodecasil 3R |
DES(s) | Deep eutectic solvent(s) |
DETDA | Diethyltoluenediamine |
DIPS | Diffusion-induced phase separation |
DMAc | Dimethylacetamide |
DMF | Dimethylformamide |
DMSO | Dimethyl sulfoxide |
DR23 | Direct Red 23 |
EBT | Eriochrome Black T |
ECHA | European Chemical Agency |
EDA | Ethylenediamine |
ETS-4 | Engelhard titanosilicate-4 |
EVAL | Poly(ethylene vinyl) alcohol |
Fe | Iron |
FESEM | Field emission scanning electron microscope |
FO | Forward osmosis |
FRR | flux recovery ratio |
GA | Glutaraldehyde |
GBL | γ-butyrolactone |
GO | Graphene oxide |
GRL | Cationic Red X-GRL |
GTL | Cationic red GTL |
H2 | Hydrogen |
H2S | Hydrogen sulfide |
IL(s) | Ionic liquid(s) |
K2S2O8 | Potassium persulphate |
KNO3/KNO2-BSCF | potassium nitrate/potassium nitrite-BSCF |
LCCF | (La0.6Ca0.4)(Co0.8Fe0.2)O3−δ |
LCF | La0.8Ca0.2Fe0.94O3−a |
LSC | La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ |
LSCF | La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ |
MB | Methylene Blue |
MD | Membrane distillation |
MF | Microfiltration |
MgCl2 | Magnesium chloride |
MIL | Materials of Institute Lavoisier |
MO | Methyl Orange |
MOF(s) | Metal organic framework(s) |
MoS2 | Molybdenum disulfide |
MPD | M-phenylenediamine |
MR | Methyl Red |
MS-S | Melt-spinning and stretching |
MWCNT | Multi-walled carbon nanotubes |
MWCO | Molecular weight cut off |
N2 | Nitrogen |
Na+ | Sodium ions |
Na+-CQDs | Sodium-functionalized CQDs |
Na2SO4 | Sodium sulfate |
NaCl | Sodium chloride |
NADES | Natural deep eutectic solvent |
NaOH | Sodium hydroxide |
NF | Nanofiltration |
NH2-MWCNT | Amine-functionalized MWCNT |
NIPS | Non-solvent induced phase separation |
NMP | N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone |
NO | Nitric oxide |
O2 | Oxygen |
OARO | Osmotically assisted reverse osmosis |
OSFO | Organic solvent forward osmosis |
OSN | Organic solvent nanofiltration |
OSRO | Organic solvent reverse osmosis |
P(VTES-AA-SSNa) | Poly(triethoxyvinylsilane-acrylic acid-sodium 4-vinylbenzenssulfonate) |
PA | Polyamide |
PAA | Polyamic acid |
PAN | Polyacrylonitrile |
PANI | Polyaniline |
PBI | Polybenzimidazole |
PC | Polycarbonate |
PCL | Polycaprolactone |
Pd | Palladium |
PDA | Polydopamine |
PDMS | Polydimethylsiloxane |
PEG | Polyethylene glycol |
PEI | Polyethyleneimine |
PEO | Polyethylene oxide |
PES | Polyethersulfone |
PET | Polyethylene terephthalate |
PHAs | Polyhydroxyalkanoates |
PI/LPSQ | Polyimide/ladder-structured polysilsesquioxane |
PIMs | Polymers of intrinsic microporosity |
PIP | Piperazine |
PLA | Polylactic acid |
PMDA-MDA | Pyromellitic dianhydride-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane |
PMDA-ODA | Poly(4,4′-oxydiphenylene pyromellitimide) |
PMIA | Poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) |
PMMOF | Polymer-modification-enabled in-site metal-organic framework |
PMP | Poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) |
PPA | Poly(piperazine-amide) |
PPTA | Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) |
PPTA | Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) |
PSF | Polysulfone |
PSS | Poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) |
PTFE | Polytetrafluoroethylene |
PVA | Poly(vinyl alcohol) |
PVDF | Polyvinylidene fluoride |
PWP | Pure water permeability |
RB | Rose Bengal |
RB5 | Reactive Black 5 |
RBB | Remazol Brilliant Blue |
RDB | Rhodamine B |
rGO | Reduced GO |
RhB | Rhodamine B |
RO | Reverse osmosis |
RR195 | Reactive Red 195 |
RY3 | Reactive Yellow 3 |
SAPO-34 | Silicoaluminophosphate chabazite |
SEM | Scanning electron microscope |
SILMs | Supported ionic liquid membrane(s) |
SiO2 | Silicon dioxide |
SMA | Styrene maleic anhydride |
SO2 | Sulfur dioxide |
ST | Safranine T |
TDI | 2,4-toluene diisocyanate |
TEOS | Tetraethyl orthosilicate |
TEP | Triethyl phosphate |
TEPA | Tetraethylenepentamine |
TFC | Thin film composite |
TFN | Thin film nanocomposite |
THF | Tetrahydrofuran |
TiO2 | Titanium dioxide |
TIPS | Thermally induced phase separation |
TMC | Trimesoyl chloride |
TR | Thermally rearraged |
UF | Ultrafiltration |
UiO | Universitetet i Oslo |
VTMS | Vinyltrimethoxysilane |
XDLVO | Extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek |
YSZ | Yttria-stabilized zirconia |
ZIF(s) | Zeolitic imidazolate framework(s) |
ZnCl2 | Zinc chloride |
ZrO2 | Zirconium dioxide |
β-CD | β-cyclodextrin |
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Membrane a | Pressure | Permeance | Rejection (%) | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(bar) | (LMH/bar) | Salts | Pollutants b | ||
ZrO2-P84® PI | 10 | 22.7 | Na2SO4: 93.4 | Rifampicin, puerarin, tetracycline, and tea polyphenols: >90.0 | [242] |
CL/PES | 4 | 2.6 | ZnCl2: 95.7 MgCl2: 95.1 | - | [243] |
PA/(PES/PVDF) TFC | 5 | 13.8 | Na2SO4: 98.2 | - | [86] |
PPA/PMIA TFC | 6 | 17.3 | Na2SO4: 98.5 MgSO4: 98.0 CaCl2: 96.0 MgCl2: 95.7 | CFB, RY3, and B2RL: >97.0 | [248] |
GO/PSF TFC | 5 | 8.39 | Na2SO4: 96.1 | RB: >99.0 ST: 92.9 | [249] |
MXene/PAN | 1 | ~5.9 | Na2SO4: ~70.0 | - | [251] |
Polyester-reinforced PES | 6 | 8.7 | NaCl: <7.0 | CR: 99.9 | [254] |
PEI-70K/PVDF/SMA | 1 | 10.4 | - | MO: 97.1 | [255] |
PEI-70K & PEI-10K/PVDF/SMA | 1 | 6.4 | - | MO: 99.9 | [255] |
PPTA/PSf-PA | 7 | 5.46 | MgSO4: 98.1 | MO, AR88, EBT, CR, RB5, and RR195: >99.0 MB, GTL, GRL, and RhB: >98.0 | [256] |
Membrane a | Pressure (bar) | Solvent | Permeance (LMH/bar) | Solute b | Solute MW (Da) | Rejection (%) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMDA-ODA PI | 10 | DMF | 2.5 | RB | 1017 | 96.7 | [261] |
PMDA-MDA PI | 10 | THF | 7.2 | RB | 1017 | 95.7 | [262] |
PEI/PIP-based TFC/PI | 2 | Acetone | 11.6 | MO AF | 327 585 | 46.5 91.8 | [263] |
MPD-based TFC/PI | 2 | Ethanol Acetone Acetonitrile | 2.33 24.2 10.58 | MO AF MR Levofloxacin | 327 585 269 361 | 99.4 98.6 90.1 98.2 | [264] |
K2S2O8-PBI | 5 | Acetone Ethanol Isopropanol | ~3 ~2 ~1 | MB RBB | 374 626 | ~99 ~96 ~99 | [108] |
GO TFN | 5 | Ethanol Methanol | 2.0 5.8 | RDB RB | 479 1017 | 100 99 | [283] |
TiO2@rGO TFN | 8 | Ethanol | 4.1 | BTB | 624 | 95 | [284] |
NH2-MWCNT/PI | 5 | Acetone Ethanol Isopropanol | 4.31 1.17 0.53 | BBR Tetracycline MB | 826 444 320 | 99.9 97.4 99.8 | [285] |
Polymer Precursor a | Pyrolysis Treatment | Pyrolysis Temperature (°C) | T/P (°C/atm) | Permeance (GPU) b | Selectivity | Reference | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H2 | O2 | N2 | CH4 | CO2 | C2H4 | C2H6 | C3H6 | C3H8 | ||||||
6FDA/DETDA-DABA | VTMS c | 550 | 35/2 | - | - | - | - | 1000.0 | - | - | - | - | CO2/CH4: >25 | [142] |
PIM-1 | - | 575 | 35/6.8 | - | 4.0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 17.8 | 0.9 | 0.2 | - | - | O2/N2: 10.0 CO2/N2: 44.5 CO2/CH4: 59.3 C2H4/C2H6: 4.5 | [148] |
PI/LPSQ | - | 675 | 35/1 | - | - | - | 19.0 | 956.0 | - | - | - | - | CO2/CH4: 50.2 | [145] |
Cellulose | - | 600 | 25/2 | - | - | - | 0.02 g | 3.6 g | - | - | - | - | CO2/CH4: 186.0 | [529] |
25/28 | - | - | - | 0.03 f,g | 2.3 f,g | - | - | - | - | CO2/CH4: 75.0 f | [529] | |||
60/8 | - | - | - | 0.09 f,g | 4.5 f,g | - | - | - | - | CO2/CH4: 50.0 f | [529] | |||
Cellulose | - | 600 | 25/2 | - | - | - | 0.001 g | 1.1 g | - | - | - | - | CO2/CH4: 917.0 | [530] |
60/50 | - | - | - | - | 1.5 f,g | - | - | - | - | CO2/CH4: 131.0 f | [530] | |||
Cellulose | - | 600 | 25/8 | - | - | - | 0.03 f,g | 1.3 f,g | - | - | - | - | CO2/N2: 42.0 f | [531] |
- | - | - | 0.03 f,g | 0.5 f,g | - | - | - | - | CO2/CH4: 15.0 f | [531] | ||||
PMDA-ODA | Cross-linking with PEI c | 600 | 25/7 | - | 19.6 | 6.5 | 4.7 | 93.4 | - | - | - | - | O2/N2: 3.0 CO2/N2: 14.4 CO2/CH4: 19.8 | [532] |
6FDA/BPDA-DAM | - | 675 | NR e/3.5 | 117.0 | - | - | - | - | 0.4 | - | - | - | H2/C2H4: 297.0 | [141] |
PEI | - | 600 | NR e/5 | 711.6 | - | - | - | 254.1 | - | 151.4 | - | 134.3 | H2/CO2: 2.8 H2/C2H6: 4.7 H2/C3H8: 5.3 | [533] |
Matrimid | VTMS c | 675 | 600/1 | 430.0 f | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | H2/C3H8: 511.0 f | [138] |
Cellulose | - | 850 | 130/2 | 148.2 | - | 0.2 | 0.03 | 1.8 | - | - | - | - | H2/N2: >800.0 H2/CH4: >5700.0 H2/CO2: 83.9 | [137] |
PBI | - | 750 | 25/1 | - | 0.8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | O2/N2: 13.7 | [144] | |
6FDA/BPDA-DAM | Super-hyperaging thermal treatment d | 675 | 35/3.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 25.0 | 2.5 | C3H6/C3H8: 10.0 | [140] |
Matrimid coated alumina | - | 650 | 25/2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 45.0 | 2.7 | C3H6/C3H8: 16.5 | [534] |
Ceramic a | Modification | Temperature (°C) | O2 Flux (mL cm−2 min−1) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
BSCF | - | 900 | 7.05 | [541] |
LSC | - | 1000 | 1.20 | [542] |
LCCF | - | 1000 | 6.20 b | [543] |
LCCF | - | 1000 | 5.10 b | [544] |
BCBZ | - | 1000 | 5.75 | [555] |
LSCF | LSCF bundle of 5 single LSCF hollow fiber | 950 | 0.46 | [540] |
BCBZ | BCBZ bundle of 7 single BCBZ hollow fiber | 1000 | 7.06 | [537] |
LSC | LSC214 Ruddlesden–Popper decoration | 850 | 0.40 | [548] |
LSC | LSC214 Ruddlesden–Popper decoration | 900 | 0.60 | [548] |
LSCF-LSC | LSC Ruddlesden-Popper phase | 950 | 4.52 | [549] |
Wrinkled LSCF | Ag deposition via dip coating on outer surface | 950 | 1.48 | [127] |
LCF | Ag deposition via wet complexation | 950 | 1.46 | [550] |
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Lau, H.S.; Lau, S.K.; Soh, L.S.; Hong, S.U.; Gok, X.Y.; Yi, S.; Yong, W.F. State-of-the-Art Organic- and Inorganic-Based Hollow Fiber Membranes in Liquid and Gas Applications: Looking Back and Beyond. Membranes 2022, 12, 539. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050539
Lau HS, Lau SK, Soh LS, Hong SU, Gok XY, Yi S, Yong WF. State-of-the-Art Organic- and Inorganic-Based Hollow Fiber Membranes in Liquid and Gas Applications: Looking Back and Beyond. Membranes. 2022; 12(5):539. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050539
Chicago/Turabian StyleLau, Hui Shen, Siew Kei Lau, Leong Sing Soh, Seang Uyin Hong, Xie Yuen Gok, Shouliang Yi, and Wai Fen Yong. 2022. "State-of-the-Art Organic- and Inorganic-Based Hollow Fiber Membranes in Liquid and Gas Applications: Looking Back and Beyond" Membranes 12, no. 5: 539. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050539