Endogenous Phenolics in Hulls and Cotyledons of Mustard and Canola: A Comparative Study on Its Sinapates and Antioxidant Capacity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Chemicals and Materials
2.2. Phenolic Extraction from Hulls and Cotyledons of Canola and Mustard
2.3. Total Phenolic Content of Canola and Mustard Seed Fractions
2.4. DPPH Scavenging Activity
2.5. HPLC-DAD Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Canola and Mustard Extracts
2.6. UPLC-MS Analysis of Phenolics from Hulls and Cotyledons
2.7. Data Expression and Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Phenolic Profile of Extracts from Canola and Mustard Seed Fractions
Samples | Sinapoyl Glucose | Sinapine | Sinapic Acid | Total Phenolics (HPLC) * | Total Phenolics Folin-Ciocalteu | EC50 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canola Cotyledon | 8.71 ± 0.76 a | 12.20 ± 1.16 a | 0.22 ± 0.02 b | 20.20 ± 1.85 a | 16.89 ± 0.69 a | 1.78 |
Canola Seeds | 5.45 ± 0.35 b | 8.35 ± 0.44 c | 0.15 ± 0.01 d | 14.06 ± 0.71 b | 10.60 ± 0.81 b | 2.31 |
Canola Hulls | 1.34 ± 0.07 c | 1.15 ± 0.07 e | 0.04 ± 0.00 e | 3.57 ± 0.20 d | 4.50 ± 0.16 d | 5.82 |
Mustard Cotyledon | 0.67 ± 0.01 c | 10.62 ± 0.08 b | 0.18 ± 0.00 c | 11.45 ± 0.05 c | 10.60 ± 0.24 b | 2.36 |
Mustard Seeds | 0.66 ± 0.01 c | 10.17 ± 0.27 b | 0.19 ± 0.02 c | 11.12 ± 0.39 c | 10.31 ± 0.32 b | 2.54 |
Mustard Hulls | 0.41 ± 0.02 c | 4.74 ± 0.28 d | 0.90 ± 0.01 a | 5.67 ± 0.32 d | 6.24 ± 0.40 c | 4.40 |
Samples | Oil content % (Dry wt) | Moiture % |
---|---|---|
Canola Cotyledon | 53.82 ± 0.66 a | 3.17 ± 0.00 f |
Canola Seeds | 41.70 ± 0.62 b | 6.45 ± 0.09 c |
Mustard Seeds | 38.35 ± 1.08 c | 5.10 ± 0.11 e |
Mustard Hulls | 27.69 ± 0.07 d | 5.53 ± 0.13 d |
Canola Hulls | 18.00 ± 0.09 e | 6.71 ± 0.04 b |
Mustard Cotyledon | 42.18 ± 0.00 b | 7.06 ± 0.05 a |
3.2. UPLC-MS Analysis of Phenolics from Mustard and Canola Cotyledons and Hulls
3.3. DPPH Scavenging Effects of Various Phenolic Extracts
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mayengbam, S.; Aachary, A.; Thiyam-Holländer, U. Endogenous Phenolics in Hulls and Cotyledons of Mustard and Canola: A Comparative Study on Its Sinapates and Antioxidant Capacity. Antioxidants 2014, 3, 544-558. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox3030544
Mayengbam S, Aachary A, Thiyam-Holländer U. Endogenous Phenolics in Hulls and Cotyledons of Mustard and Canola: A Comparative Study on Its Sinapates and Antioxidant Capacity. Antioxidants. 2014; 3(3):544-558. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox3030544
Chicago/Turabian StyleMayengbam, Shyamchand, Ayyappan Aachary, and Usha Thiyam-Holländer. 2014. "Endogenous Phenolics in Hulls and Cotyledons of Mustard and Canola: A Comparative Study on Its Sinapates and Antioxidant Capacity" Antioxidants 3, no. 3: 544-558. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox3030544