Cancer–Osteoblast Interaction Reduces Sost Expression in Osteoblasts and Up-Regulates lncRNA MALAT1 in Prostate Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Animals
2.2. Cell Culture
2.3. Microarrays
2.4. Functional Annotation
2.5. Immunocytochemistry
2.6. Quantitative PCR
3. Results
3.1. Molecular Changes in Osteoblasts Co-Cultured with Prostate Cancer Cells
Gene | Log2 Fold Change | Adjusted p-Value |
---|---|---|
Mmp13 | 7.379 | 0.00268 |
Lbp | 4.111 | 0.00578 |
Wisp2 | 3.857 | 0.01510 |
Slpi | 3.636 | 0.00614 |
A2m | 3.472 | 0.01160 |
Cp | 3.436 | 0.01553 |
Il1rl1 | 3.408 | 0.01955 |
Igfbp5 | 3.005 | 0.01046 |
Il6 | 2.808 | 0.01311 |
Cxcl1 | 2.551 | 0.01750 |
Mgp | 2.518 | 0.03807 |
Fam20c | 2.289 | 0.01510 |
Sfrp4 | 2.284 | 0.01831 |
Fst | 2.161 | 0.03814 |
Adamts4 | 2.044 | 0.03251 |
Sostdc1 | 1.968 | 0.01953 |
Lum | 1.745 | 0.01986 |
Enpp3 | 1.745 | 0.03105 |
Sned1 | 1.733 | 0.03146 |
Adamts1 | 1.64 | 0.03251 |
Gpx3 | 1.587 | 0.02450 |
Adamts5 | 1.515 | 0.03793 |
Fndc1 | 1.454 | 0.03494 |
Igfbp4 | 1.452 | 0.03072 |
Col3a1 | 1.435 | 0.03793 |
Col14a1 | 1.427 | 0.04376 |
Clec11a | 1.425 | 0.03089 |
Ecm1 | 1.352 | 0.04301 |
Enpp1 | 1.328 | 0.03564 |
C1qtnf1 | 1.308 | 0.04556 |
Ctgf | 1.30 | 0.03807 |
Tgfb2 | 1.194 | 0.04545 |
Cgref1 | −1.174 | 0.04376 |
Pcsk6 | −1.485 | 0.03793 |
Apln | −1.563 | 0.02821 |
Bmp3 | −1.722 | 0.02335 |
Cd55 | −1.738 | 0.02369 |
Metrnl | −1.849 | 0.01974 |
Bmper | −2.128 | 0.01553 |
Sost | −2.83 | 0.01510 |
Mamdc2 | −2.859 | 0.01953 |
3.2. Functional Analysis of Differentially Regulated Genes
GO (Gene Ontology) ID | GO Term | Genes |
---|---|---|
GO:0001503 | Ossification | Sost, Col13a1, Cebpb, Cebpd ,Dhrs3, Enpp1, Ifitm1, Ecm1, Sbno2, Tgfb2, Phex, Bmp3, Junb, Fam20c, Igfbp5, Mgp, Phospho1, Egr2, Jag1, Ctgf, Gpnmb, Mmp13, Fhl2, Csgalnact1, Il6 |
GO:0009725 | Response to hormone | Hhex, Sost, Sfrp4, Rarb, Enpp1, Fos, Dusp1, Gatm, Cd55, Irf1, Cav1, Nr4a1, Stat3, Tgfb2, Cryab, Junb, Btg2, Egr1, Egr2, Ass1, Kcnma1, Prkar1b, Ctgf, Fhl2, Gng5, Il6 |
GO:0030198 | Extracellular matrix organization | Col3a1, A2m, Col13a1, Adamts4, Pdgfra, Pecam1, Adamts5, Itgb3, Tgfb2, Col14a1, Ctgf, Lum, Mmp13, Csgalnact1 |
GO:0016477 | Cell migration | Col3a1, Pde4b, Ddx58, Pdgfra, Pecam1, Ifitm1, Cav1, Lbp, Nr4a1, Ecm1, Cxcl1, Adarb1, Itgb3, Stat3, Ednrb, Tgfb2, Thbd, Igfbp5, Jag1, Ctgf, Bmper, Nexn, Il6 |
GO:0045595 | Regulation of cell differentiation | Col3a1, Sox6, Sfrp4, Rarb, Cebpb, Cebpd, Pdgfra, Metrnl, Enpp1, Fos, Ntrk1 ,Dusp6, Tmem176a, Ifitm1, Sostdc1, Irf1 , Irx3 ,Cav1, Itgb3, Zfp36, Stat3, Ednrb, Tgfb2, Junb, Fam20c, Bcl11b, Igfbp5, Jag1, Errfi1, Col14a1, Mafb, Ctgf, Maff, Tesc, Fst, Il6, Maf |
GO:0008283 | Cell proliferation | Hhex, Sfrp4, Rarb, Cebpb, Pdgfra, Adamts1, Ntrk1, Cd55, Etv4, Ifitm1, Irf1, Cav1, Nr4a1, Ecm1, Cxcl1, Adarb1, Itgb3, Stat3, Ednrb, Tgfb2, Wisp2, Tbx18, Slfn3, Junb, Bcl11b, Btg2, Apln, Igfbp4, Igfbp5, Egr1, Ifitm3, Cgref1, Clec11a, Jag1, Prkar1b, Ctgf, Il1rl1, Tesc, Gpnmb, Bmper, Fst, Csgalnact1, Il6 |
GO:0001944 | Vasculature development | Col3a1, Hhex, Sfrp4, Ddah1, Pdgfra, Adamts1, Ntrk1, Pecam1, Cav1, Nr4a1, Ecm1, Itgb3, Tgfb2, Junb, Zfp36l1, Egr1, Jag1, Errfi1, Ctgf, Bmper, Il6 |
3.3. Effect of Bone Microenvironment Derived Sost on PC3 Gene Expression
GO ID | GO Term | Genes |
---|---|---|
GO:0043624 | Cellular protein complex disassembly | RPL27A, LIMA1, RPL37A, RPL38, MAP1B, EML4, RPS11, TWF1 |
GO:0006468 | Protein phosphorylation | SCYL2, JAK1, MET, HSP90B1, BMPR2, PTPRA, PDGFA, SQSTM1, MAP4K5, CAMK2D, CLK4, FER, FNIP1, ST3GAL1, BCL10, GNAS, DNAJC3, TWF1 |
GO:1902680 | Positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process | NCOA2, MET, NCOA3, NRIP1, DDX17, ATRX, MORF4L2, SQSTM1, KAT6A, ELF1, E2F3, BCL10, MLLT10, SKI, NR1D2 |
GO:0006935 | Chemotaxis | EZR, MET, WASL, SEMA3C, BMPR2, PTPRA, PDGFA, FER, NRP2, SOS2 |
GO:0045595 | Regulation of cell differentiation | BHLHE41, MET, NCOA3, BMPR2, DDX17, PTPRA, MAP1B, MORF4L2, KAT6A, FNIP1, GNAS, SKI, TTC3, NR1D2, SOD2 |
GO:0007015 | Actin filament organization | EZR, HSP90B1, WASL, LIMA1, FER, TWF1 |
3.4. Sost Is a Regulator of MALAT1 in Prostate Cancer Cells
4. Discussion
Supplementary Files
Supplementary File 1Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sebastian, A.; Hum, N.R.; Hudson, B.D.; Loots, G.G. Cancer–Osteoblast Interaction Reduces Sost Expression in Osteoblasts and Up-Regulates lncRNA MALAT1 in Prostate Cancer. Microarrays 2015, 4, 503-519. https://doi.org/10.3390/microarrays4040503
Sebastian A, Hum NR, Hudson BD, Loots GG. Cancer–Osteoblast Interaction Reduces Sost Expression in Osteoblasts and Up-Regulates lncRNA MALAT1 in Prostate Cancer. Microarrays. 2015; 4(4):503-519. https://doi.org/10.3390/microarrays4040503
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian, Aimy, Nicholas R. Hum, Bryan D. Hudson, and Gabriela G. Loots. 2015. "Cancer–Osteoblast Interaction Reduces Sost Expression in Osteoblasts and Up-Regulates lncRNA MALAT1 in Prostate Cancer" Microarrays 4, no. 4: 503-519. https://doi.org/10.3390/microarrays4040503