Effect of Upper Limb Motor Rehabilitation on Cognition in Parkinson’s Disease: An Observational Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Subjects
2.3. Intervention and Procedures
2.4. Data Collection, Assessment Procedures and Blinding
2.5. Outcome Measures
2.5.1. Primary Outcome Measure
2.5.2. Secondary Outcome Measures
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline
3.2. Primary Outcome
3.3. Secondary Outcomes
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Outcome | Pretreatment | Post Treatment | Follow-Up | Within Group Comparison | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Post vs. Pretreatment p-Value | Follow-Up vs. Pretreatment p-Value | ||||
TMT A (seconds) mean (SD) | 78.47 (40.48) | 65,63 (36.12) | 86.88 (49.07) | 0.011 * | 0.309 |
ALL_SA (mseconds) mean (SD) | 429.60 (197.76) | 367.44 (135.33) | 381.44 (124.94) | 0.033 * | 0.049 * |
ALL_CA (mseconds) mean (SD) | 402.55 (164.07) | 347.2 (116.42) | 350.56 (89.09) | 0.009 * | 0.079 |
MDS-UPDRS—part III (0–136) median (IQR) | 20 (16.75; 38.25) | 18 (13; 33) | 18.50 (14.5; 30.75) | 0.005 * | 0.028 * |
DASH (0–150) median (IQR) | 47 (36; 51.25) | 39 (32; 43.75) | 36 (32; 46) | 0 * | 0.001 * |
Outcome | Pretreatment | Post Treatment | Follow-Up | Repeated Measures ANOVA p Value | Pos Hoc Analysis Whitin-Group Comparison | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Post vs. Pretreatment p Value (95% CI) | Follow-Up vs. Pretreatment p Value (95% CI) | |||||
MoCA (0–30) mean (SD) | 22.35 (4.92) | 23 (4.69) | 23.06 (3.26) | 0.468 | / | / |
TMT B (seconds) mean (SD) | 179.63 (81.19) | 153.95 (74.96) | 208.76 (93.57) | 0.045 * | 0,011 (7.53; 49.88) * | 0,389 (−56.94; 23.41) |
DSym (0–93) mean (SD) | 21.94 (9.16) | 24.47 (8.17) | 23.71 (9.47) | 0.004 * | 0.003 (−3.97; −0.97) * | 0,007 (−4.65; −0.87) * |
DSB (2–8) mean (SD) | 3.80 (1.23) | 3.65 (1.08) | 3.78 (1.11) | 0.611 | / | / |
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Varalta, V.; Evangelista, E.; Righetti, A.; Morone, G.; Tamburin, S.; Picelli, A.; Fonte, C.; Tinazzi, M.; Di Vico, I.A.; Waldner, A.; et al. Effect of Upper Limb Motor Rehabilitation on Cognition in Parkinson’s Disease: An Observational Study. Brain Sci. 2022, 12, 1684. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121684
Varalta V, Evangelista E, Righetti A, Morone G, Tamburin S, Picelli A, Fonte C, Tinazzi M, Di Vico IA, Waldner A, et al. Effect of Upper Limb Motor Rehabilitation on Cognition in Parkinson’s Disease: An Observational Study. Brain Sciences. 2022; 12(12):1684. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121684
Chicago/Turabian StyleVaralta, Valentina, Elisa Evangelista, Anna Righetti, Giovanni Morone, Stefano Tamburin, Alessandro Picelli, Cristina Fonte, Michele Tinazzi, Ilaria Antonella Di Vico, Andreas Waldner, and et al. 2022. "Effect of Upper Limb Motor Rehabilitation on Cognition in Parkinson’s Disease: An Observational Study" Brain Sciences 12, no. 12: 1684. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121684