Simulating the Effects of the Airborne Lidar Scanning Angle, Flying Altitude, and Pulse Density for Forest Foliage Profile Retrieval
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials
2.1. Creation of the 3-D Forest Scene
2.2. LiDAR Data Simulation
3. Methods
3.1. Waveform Stacking and Return Energy Profile Generation
3.2. Canopy Closure Profile Generation
3.3. Cumulative Leaf Area Index Profile Generation
3.4. Foliage Profile Generation
3.5. Accuracy Assessment
4. Results
4.1. Estimation of Foliage Profile
4.2. Effect of Scanning Angle on Foliage Profile Estimation
4.3. Effect of Flying Altitude on Foliage Profile Estimation
4.4. Effect of LiDAR Pulse Density on Foliage Profile Estimation
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Scanning Angle (°) | Flying Altitude (m) | Pulse Density (Pulses/m2) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0 | 2000 | 0.25 |
5 | 1 | ||
10 | 4 | ||
15 | |||
20 | 4000 | 1 | |
25 | |||
30 | |||
2 | 20 | 1000 | 1 |
2000 | |||
3000 | |||
4000 | |||
3 | 20 | 2000 | 0.25 |
0.5 | |||
1 | |||
2 | |||
4 | |||
8 |
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Qin, H.; Wang, C.; Xi, X.; Tian, J.; Zhou, G. Simulating the Effects of the Airborne Lidar Scanning Angle, Flying Altitude, and Pulse Density for Forest Foliage Profile Retrieval. Appl. Sci. 2017, 7, 712. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7070712
Qin H, Wang C, Xi X, Tian J, Zhou G. Simulating the Effects of the Airborne Lidar Scanning Angle, Flying Altitude, and Pulse Density for Forest Foliage Profile Retrieval. Applied Sciences. 2017; 7(7):712. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7070712
Chicago/Turabian StyleQin, Haiming, Cheng Wang, Xiaohuan Xi, Jianlin Tian, and Guoqing Zhou. 2017. "Simulating the Effects of the Airborne Lidar Scanning Angle, Flying Altitude, and Pulse Density for Forest Foliage Profile Retrieval" Applied Sciences 7, no. 7: 712. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7070712