Appl. Sci. 2013, 3(1), 251-266; doi:10.3390/app3010251
Review

Attosecond Hard X-ray Free Electron Laser

Sandeep Kumar 1 email, Heung-Sik Kang 1 email and Dong-Eon Kim 2,3,* email
1 Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 790-784, Korea 2 Department of Physics, Center for Attosecond Science and Technology (CASTECH), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 790-784, Korea 3 Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 790-784, Korea
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 10 December 2012; in revised form: 24 February 2013 / Accepted: 25 February 2013 / Published: 12 March 2013
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultraintense Ultrashort Pulse Lasers)
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Abstract: In this paper, several schemes of soft X-ray and hard X-ray free electron lasers (XFEL) and their progress are reviewed. Self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) schemes, the high gain harmonic generation (HGHG) scheme and various enhancement schemes through seeding and beam manipulations are discussed, especially in view of the generation of attosecond X-ray pulses. Our recent work on the generation of attosecond hard X-ray pulses is also discussed. In our study, the enhanced SASE scheme is utilized, using electron beam parameters of an XFEL under construction at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL). Laser, chicane and electron beam parameters are optimized to generate an isolated attosecond hard X-ray pulse at 0.1 nm (12.4 keV). The simulations show that the manipulation of electron energy beam profile may lead to the generation of an isolated attosecond hard X-ray of 150 attosecond pulse at 0.1 nm.
Keywords: attosecond pulse generation; X-ray free electron laser; undulator radiation

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Cite This Article

MDPI and ACS Style

Kumar, S.; Kang, H.-S.; Kim, D.-E. Attosecond Hard X-ray Free Electron Laser. Appl. Sci. 2013, 3, 251-266.

AMA Style

Kumar S, Kang H-S, Kim D-E. Attosecond Hard X-ray Free Electron Laser. Applied Sciences. 2013; 3(1):251-266.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kumar, Sandeep; Kang, Heung-Sik; Kim, Dong-Eon. 2013. "Attosecond Hard X-ray Free Electron Laser." Appl. Sci. 3, no. 1: 251-266.

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