Insecure yet Resourceful: Psychological Capital Mitigates the Negative Effects of Employees’ Career Insecurity on Their Career Satisfaction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Foundations and Hypotheses Development
2.1. Career Insecurity
2.2. Career Insecurity and Career Satisfaction
2.3. Career Insecurity and Career-Related COVID-19 Worries
2.4. Psychological Capital as a Moderator between Career Insecurity and Career Satisfaction
2.5. The Mediating Role of Career Satisfaction
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Sample
3.2. Measures
3.2.1. Career Insecurity
3.2.2. Psychological Capital
3.2.3. Career Satisfaction
3.2.4. Career-Related COVID-19 Worries
3.3. Data Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Confirmatory Factor Analyses
4.2. Descriptive Statistics and Correlations
4.3. Moderating Effect of Psychological Capital
4.4. Career Satisfaction as a Mediator
5. Discussion
5.1. Practical Implications
5.2. Limitations and Future Research
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Models | χ² | df | Δdf | Δχ² | CFI | TLI | RMSEA | SRMR | AIC | BIC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
One factor model | 1819.44 | 418 | - | - | 0.64 | 0.61 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 24,861.30 | 25,377.88 |
Four factors model | 762.43 | 400 | 18 | 1057 *** | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.07 | 0.069 | 23,840.28 | 24,427.31 |
Measurement invariance | ||||||||||
Configural invariance | 762.43 | 400 | - | - | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.07 | 0.069 | 23,840.28 | 24,427.31 |
Weak invariance | 785.87 | 418 | 18 | 23.44 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.069 | 0.074 | 23,827.72 | 24,344.30 |
Strong invariance | 803.15 | 432 | 14 | 17.28 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.068 | 0.075 | 23,817.01 | 24,278.80 |
Variable | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Sex (1 = female, 2 = male) | - | - | |||||||||
2. Age | 43.58 | 12.02 | −0.23 ** | ||||||||
3. Career Insecurity T1 | 3.10 | 1.09 | 0.07 | −0.34 ** | |||||||
4. Career Insecurity_T2 | 3.10 | 1.05 | 0.10 | −0.27 ** | 0.79 ** | ||||||
5. Psychological Capital T1 | 4.63 | 0.77 | −0.06 | 0.13 | −0.47 ** | −0.43 ** | |||||
6. Psychological Capital T2 | 4.66 | 0.74 | −0.07 | 0.13 | −0.52 ** | −0.58 ** | 0.77 ** | ||||
7. Career Satisfaction T1 | 3.70 | 0.79 | −0.07 | 0.03 | −0.53 ** | −0.50 ** | 0.49 ** | 0.51 ** | |||
8. Career Satisfaction T2 | 3.68 | 0.84 | −0.02 | −0.03 | −0.47 ** | −0.49 ** | 0.40 ** | 0.53 ** | 0.86 ** | ||
9. C-R COVID-19 Worries T1 | 9.56 | 21.15 | 0.04 | −0.08 | 0.28 ** | 0.30 ** | −0.19 * | −0.18 * | −0.18 * | −0.20 ** | |
10. C-R COVID-19 Worries T2 | 9.81 | 21.41 | −0.06 | −0.01 | 0.27 ** | 0.30 ** | −0.21 ** | −0.18 * | −0.16 * | −0.23 ** | 0.70 ** |
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Zyberaj, J.; Bakaç, C. Insecure yet Resourceful: Psychological Capital Mitigates the Negative Effects of Employees’ Career Insecurity on Their Career Satisfaction. Behav. Sci. 2022, 12, 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12120473
Zyberaj J, Bakaç C. Insecure yet Resourceful: Psychological Capital Mitigates the Negative Effects of Employees’ Career Insecurity on Their Career Satisfaction. Behavioral Sciences. 2022; 12(12):473. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12120473
Chicago/Turabian StyleZyberaj, Jetmir, and Cafer Bakaç. 2022. "Insecure yet Resourceful: Psychological Capital Mitigates the Negative Effects of Employees’ Career Insecurity on Their Career Satisfaction" Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 12: 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12120473