Distribution of Rare Earth Elements in Sediments of the Marine Lake Mir (Dugi Otok, Croatia)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Present and Future REY Trends in Water Systems
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Sampling and Sample Preparation
2.3. Rare Earth Element Analysis
2.4. REY Ratios and Enrichment
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. REY Distribution in Soils and Sediments
4.2. Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Clay (%) | Silt (%) | Sand (%) | TOC (%) | CaCO3 (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lake Mir | 0.3–1.7 | 13–42 | 57–82 | 3.2–8.9 | 41–75 |
Telašćica Bay | 1.0 | 17 | 81 | 0.4 | 85 |
Al * | As | Ba | Ca * | Cd | Co | Cu | Fe * | K * | Li | Mg * | Mn | Mo | Ni | Pb | U | Zn | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 25.7 | 206 | 0.05 | 0.8 | 2.93 | 0.25 | 1.0 | 3.3 | 5.0 | 361 | 0.96 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 1.7 | 8.6 |
M2 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 22.3 | 198 | 0.04 | 0.9 | 4.59 | 0.31 | 1.3 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 192 | 2.38 | 4.2 | 2.9 | 1.6 | 8.9 |
M3 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 23.0 | 226 | 0.05 | 0.9 | 3.12 | 0.23 | 1.1 | 4.0 | 5.1 | 169 | 1.36 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 2.1 | 8.4 |
M4 | 1.8 | 3.7 | 21.6 | 212 | 0.07 | 1.5 | 7.37 | 0.49 | 1.4 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 151 | 2.42 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 1.9 | 12.5 |
M5 | 3.8 | 6.2 | 35.2 | 228 | 0.09 | 1.7 | 6.82 | 0.79 | 2.1 | 7.4 | 6.3 | 256 | 2.44 | 7.0 | 8.1 | 2.4 | 14.5 |
M6 | 2.1 | 4.1 | 22.1 | 150 | 0.01 | 1.0 | 3.63 | 0.44 | 1.5 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 151 | 1.26 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 1.3 | 9.6 |
M7 | 5.8 | 19.2 | 55.1 | 170 | 0.13 | 2.2 | 6.17 | 0.67 | 3.8 | 10.4 | 10.1 | 426 | 4.01 | 9.0 | 7.8 | 2.2 | 17.3 |
M8 | 3.9 | 19.6 | 40.0 | 138 | 0.10 | 1.7 | 15.1 | 0.54 | 3.3 | 6.2 | 7.9 | 205 | 4.57 | 7.5 | 6.7 | 1.8 | 20.1 |
M9 | 2.4 | 5.3 | 24.1 | 152 | 0.08 | 1.4 | 4.33 | 0.49 | 1.7 | 4.0 | 5.3 | 185 | 3.50 | 4.7 | 6.1 | 2.1 | 9.4 |
M10 | 3.5 | 6.0 | 32.2 | 236 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 6.09 | 0.82 | 2.1 | 6.5 | 5.8 | 215 | 3.10 | 7.1 | 7.9 | 2.5 | 13.4 |
M11 | 3.7 | 22.3 | 44.4 | 94.4 | 0.06 | 1.5 | 8.94 | 0.4 | 4.0 | 8.8 | 10.7 | 101 | 4.06 | 6.2 | 4.0 | 1.5 | 22.0 |
M12 | 6.9 | 24.6 | 65.9 | 140 | 0.11 | 2.7 | 25.4 | 1.27 | 4.6 | 11 | 11.4 | 468 | 4.25 | 10.1 | 9.0 | 2.1 | 36.8 |
M13 | 2.8 | 15.7 | 36.5 | 184 | 0.12 | 2.0 | 23.1 | 0.57 | 2.4 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 189 | 3.85 | 7.0 | 7.6 | 2.1 | 24.5 |
M14 | 6.5 | 23.2 | 58.2 | 112 | 0.22 | 2.4 | 10.5 | 0.73 | 4.7 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 156 | 9.31 | 11.2 | 9.5 | 2.4 | 25.8 |
M15 | 6.5 | 31.2 | 61.8 | 96.7 | 0.21 | 2.5 | 10.7 | 0.73 | 6.0 | 14.1 | 15.2 | 121 | 7.11 | 11.1 | 8.6 | 1.6 | 24 |
M16 | 2.5 | 9.1 | 31.2 | 179 | 0.10 | 1.3 | 6.99 | 0.29 | 2.1 | 5.1 | 6.6 | 362 | 2.37 | 5.1 | 7.1 | 2.3 | 15.5 |
M17 | 3.7 | 32 | 47.5 | 78.4 | 0.09 | 1.8 | 5.64 | 0.44 | 3.4 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 80 | 10.9 | 7.9 | 6.1 | 1.4 | 17.8 |
M18 | 6.6 | 48 | 89.8 | 100 | 0.20 | 1.8 | 14.4 | 0.5 | 5.5 | 11.2 | 14.7 | 154 | 4.39 | 8.9 | 8.7 | 1.8 | 30.9 |
M19 | 4.0 | 28.7 | 60.4 | 161 | 0.09 | 1.7 | 5.22 | 0.4 | 3.8 | 8.7 | 9.5 | 214 | 4.89 | 7.4 | 6 | 2.2 | 13.3 |
M20 | 5.9 | 13 | 45.0 | 163 | 0.12 | 2.0 | 9.39 | 0.77 | 3.8 | 9.7 | 10.2 | 167 | 5.88 | 8.7 | 8.8 | 2.7 | 18.5 |
M21 | 6.9 | 48.5 | 84.1 | 113 | 0.16 | 1.9 | 21.2 | 0.58 | 5.8 | 13.1 | 13.3 | 104 | 7.59 | 10.6 | 7.6 | 1.8 | 32.3 |
M22 | 5.7 | 53 | 89.3 | 126 | 0.14 | 1.5 | 7.48 | 0.51 | 5.5 | 11.9 | 14.0 | 168 | 5.07 | 8.6 | 6.5 | 1.8 | 18.6 |
M23 | 4.3 | 26.4 | 61.2 | 177 | 0.13 | 1.8 | 6.13 | 0.52 | 4.0 | 9.2 | 9.9 | 187 | 5.23 | 8.2 | 6.0 | 2.4 | 13.7 |
M24 | 4.1 | 7.3 | 32.6 | 187 | 0.11 | 1.8 | 5.63 | 0.57 | 2.7 | 7.6 | 6.9 | 113 | 5.51 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 2.8 | 12.5 |
M25 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 40.2 | 189 | 0.16 | 2.2 | 6.22 | 0.67 | 3.4 | 10.7 | 8.2 | 131 | 6.98 | 10.3 | 9.4 | 3.4 | 16.4 |
M26 | 2.9 | 4.0 | 19.6 | 132 | 0.04 | 0.9 | 3.00 | 0.22 | 1.8 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 71 | 2.05 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 1.6 | 8.1 |
M27 | 3.4 | 7.7 | 31.0 | 167 | 0.07 | 1.7 | 5.45 | 0.51 | 2.6 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 103 | 3.36 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 2.2 | 11.0 |
M28 | 6.3 | 52.3 | 78.1 | 107 | 0.17 | 2.0 | 8.83 | 0.63 | 5.0 | 10.6 | 14.3 | 107 | 7.38 | 10.1 | 8.3 | 2.1 | 19.7 |
M29 | 5.1 | 19.4 | 43.0 | 113 | 0.12 | 5.0 | 5.63 | 0.55 | 4.5 | 10.1 | 14 | 230 | 8.86 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 2.9 | 16.5 |
M30 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 27.2 | 195 | 0.08 | 1.3 | 3.65 | 0.34 | 1.8 | 7.7 | 5.2 | 136 | 2.58 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 2.8 | 9.6 |
M31 | 8.2 | 33.8 | 69.3 | 111 | 0.2 | 3.0 | 13.0 | 1.04 | 5.2 | 14.7 | 13.7 | 168 | 8.13 | 13.2 | 10.9 | 1.8 | 27.3 |
M32 | 7.2 | 36.4 | 72.2 | 133 | 0.19 | 2.7 | 7.95 | 0.74 | 4.6 | 12.9 | 9.5 | 151 | 10.7 | 11.9 | 8.83 | 3.0 | 20.1 |
M33 | 2.5 | 5.5 | 24.7 | 214 | 0.12 | 1.7 | 4.3 | 0.26 | 1.6 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 73 | 2.88 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 2.8 | 9.7 |
M34 | 1.7 | 4.3 | 23.1 | 234 | 0.07 | 0.9 | 4.16 | 0.28 | 1.0 | 2.6 | 4.5 | 161 | 1.51 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 2.0 | 9.7 |
M35 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 19.4 | 222 | 0.01 | 0.8 | 1.59 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 3.0 | 3.9 | 251 | 0.29 | 3.8 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 5.1 |
La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Y | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | ΣREY | ΣLREE/ΣHREE | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | 4.2 | 9.87 | 1.0 | 3.98 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 2.99 | <0.1 | 0.3 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 25.0 | 4.98 |
M2 | 4.3 | 9.95 | 1.0 | 3.94 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.7 | <0.1 | 0.6 | 3.34 | 0.1 | 0.3 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 25.3 | 4.58 |
M3 | 3.3 | 7.43 | 0.8 | 3.01 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.6 | <0.1 | 0.5 | 2.44 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 19.2 | 4.74 |
M4 | 3.7 | 5.70 | 0.6 | 2.32 | 0.4 | <0.1 | 0.4 | <0.1 | 0.3 | 1.97 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 15.7 | 5.11 |
M5 | 3.5 | 7.94 | 0.9 | 3.11 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.6 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 2.66 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 20.2 | 4.84 |
M6 | 2.0 | 4.66 | 0.5 | 1.70 | 0.3 | <0.1 | 0.3 | <0.1 | 0.3 | 1.57 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | 11.4 | 4.80 |
M7 | 3.5 | 7.78 | 0.8 | 3.18 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.6 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 2.56 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 19.9 | 4.93 |
M8 | 2.6 | 5.80 | 0.6 | 2.17 | 0.4 | <0.1 | 0.4 | <0.1 | 0.3 | 1.72 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 14.3 | 5.16 |
M9 | 2.1 | 4.81 | 0.5 | 1.87 | 0.4 | <0.1 | 0.4 | <0.1 | 0.3 | 1.58 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 12.2 | 4.85 |
M10 | 3.6 | 7.75 | 0.8 | 2.96 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.6 | <0.1 | 0.5 | 2.74 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 20.1 | 4.51 |
M11 | 2.0 | 4.66 | 0.5 | 1.72 | 0.3 | <0.1 | 0.3 | <0.1 | 0.3 | 1.61 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 11.6 | 4.49 |
M12 | 3.4 | 7.87 | 0.8 | 2.97 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.6 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 2.27 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 19.4 | 5.32 |
M13 | 2.8 | 6.24 | 0.6 | 2.47 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 2.11 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 16.0 | 4.70 |
M14 | 3.3 | 7.32 | 0.8 | 2.90 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.5 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 2.41 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 18.7 | 4.83 |
M15 | 3.1 | 6.83 | 0.7 | 2.68 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 2.18 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 17.3 | 5.00 |
M16 | 2.8 | 6.16 | 0.6 | 2.56 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 2.07 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 16.0 | 4.77 |
M17 | 1.9 | 4.18 | 0.5 | 1.71 | 0.3 | <0.1 | 0.3 | <0.1 | 0.3 | 1.49 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 10.9 | 4.47 |
M18 | 2.9 | 6.53 | 0.7 | 2.68 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 2.09 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 16.8 | 4.81 |
M19 | 3.0 | 6.56 | 0.7 | 2.60 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 2.03 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 16.7 | 5.11 |
M20 | 3.3 | 7.19 | 0.8 | 3.06 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.5 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 2.20 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 18.6 | 5.18 |
M21 | 3.3 | 7.25 | 0.8 | 2.85 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.5 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 2.27 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 18.5 | 5.02 |
M22 | 2.7 | 5.95 | 0.6 | 2.33 | 0.4 | <0.1 | 0.4 | <0.1 | 0.3 | 2.02 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 15.0 | 4.73 |
M23 | 2.7 | 5.89 | 0.6 | 2.30 | 0.4 | <0.1 | 0.4 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 2.02 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 15.0 | 4.52 |
M24 | 2.8 | 6.11 | 0.7 | 2.43 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 2.08 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 15.9 | 4.73 |
M25 | 3.4 | 8.15 | 0.8 | 2.95 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.6 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 2.28 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 19.7 | 5.39 |
M26 | 1.8 | 4.16 | 0.4 | 1.70 | 0.3 | <0.1 | 0.3 | <0.1 | 0.3 | 1.50 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | 10.6 | 4.56 |
M27 | 2.5 | 5.61 | 0.6 | 2.26 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 1.90 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 14.7 | 4.64 |
M28 | 3.3 | 7.34 | 0.8 | 3.20 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.5 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 2.28 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 18.9 | 5.14 |
M29 | 2.3 | 4.97 | 0.6 | 2.24 | 0.5 | <0.1 | 0.4 | <0.1 | 0.3 | 1.80 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 13.4 | 4.59 |
M30 | 3.9 | 9.03 | 1.0 | 3.77 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.7 | <0.1 | 0.5 | 2.91 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 23.2 | 5.09 |
M31 | 3.8 | 8.56 | 0.9 | 3.52 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.6 | <0.1 | 0.5 | 2.72 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 21.8 | 5.02 |
M32 | 3.6 | 7.84 | 0.8 | 2.99 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.6 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 2.43 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 19.8 | 5.12 |
M33 | 2.8 | 6.02 | 0.7 | 2.59 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 2.17 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 16.1 | 4.60 |
M34 | 3.5 | 7.90 | 0.8 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.7 | <0.1 | 0.5 | 2.56 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 20.0 | 4.94 |
M35 | 2.6 | 6.06 | 0.6 | 2.39 | 0.4 | <0.1 | 0.4 | <0.1 | 0.3 | 1.82 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 14.8 | 5.37 |
La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Y | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | ΣREY | ΣLREE/ΣHREE | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 16.2 | 31.8 | 3.8 | 15 | 2.6 | 0.5 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 6.4 | 0.2 | 0.5 | <0.1 | 0.4 | <0.1 | 81.2 | 7.92 |
T2 | 16.6 | 33.5 | 4.2 | 16.4 | 2.8 | 0.6 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 6.48 | 0.2 | 0.5 | <0.1 | 0.3 | <0.1 | 85.2 | 8.49 |
T3 | 11.3 | 22.7 | 2.7 | 10.8 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 3.89 | 0.1 | 0.3 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 56.4 | 9.46 |
T4 | 15.2 | 30.2 | 3.7 | 14.6 | 2.6 | 0.5 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 6.5 | 0.2 | 0.6 | <0.1 | 0.4 | <0.1 | 78.3 | 7.42 |
T5 | 13.3 | 26.3 | 3.2 | 12.4 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 6.28 | 0.2 | 0.5 | <0.1 | 0.3 | <0.1 | 67.8 | 6.99 |
S1 | 33.1 | 68.6 | 8.0 | 29.3 | 5.8 | 1.2 | 5.4 | 0.7 | 4.0 | 19.8 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 181 | 5.20 |
S2 | 36.9 | 76.6 | 8.9 | 32.7 | 6.3 | 1.3 | 5.8 | 0.8 | 4.5 | 22.3 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 201 | 5.15 |
S3 | 38.6 | 81 | 9.4 | 34.4 | 6.7 | 1.4 | 6.2 | 0.8 | 4.7 | 22.8 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 211 | 5.29 |
S4 | 35.6 | 76 | 8.7 | 31.7 | 6.3 | 1.3 | 5.9 | 0.8 | 4.4 | 21.2 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 197 | 5.27 |
S5 | 14.7 | 32.1 | 3.4 | 12.9 | 2.6 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 10.1 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 83.3 | 4.71 |
S6 | 34.7 | 68.3 | 8.5 | 30.9 | 6.1 | 1.2 | 5.5 | 0.8 | 4.1 | 20.3 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 185 | 5.19 |
S7 | 44.0 | 79.9 | 10.7 | 39.3 | 7.5 | 1.6 | 6.9 | 0.9 | 5.2 | 25.3 | 0.9 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 227 | 5.10 |
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La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Y | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | ΣREY | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soils | ||||||||||||||||
min | 14.7 | 32.1 | 3.4 | 12.9 | 2.6 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 10.1 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 83.3 |
max | 44.0 | 81.0 | 10.7 | 39.3 | 7.5 | 1.6 | 6.9 | 0.9 | 5.2 | 25.3 | 0.9 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 227 |
avg | 33.9 | 68.9 | 8.2 | 30.2 | 5.9 | 1.2 | 5.5 | 0.7 | 4.1 | 20.3 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 184 |
SD | 9.2 | 17.0 | 2.3 | 8.3 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 4.8 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 46.9 |
Telašćica Bay Sediments | ||||||||||||||||
min | 11.3 | 22.7 | 2.7 | 10.8 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 3.9 | 0.1 | 0.3 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 56.4 |
max | 16.6 | 33.5 | 4.2 | 16.4 | 2.8 | 0.6 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 6.5 | 0.2 | 0.6 | <0.1 | 0.4 | <0.1 | 85.2 |
avg | 14.5 | 28.9 | 3.5 | 13.8 | 2.4 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 5.9 | 0.2 | 0.5 | - | 0.3 | - | 73.8 |
SD | 2.2 | 4.4 | 0.6 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | - | 0.1 | - | 11.7 |
Lake Mir Sediments | ||||||||||||||||
min | 1.8 | 4.2 | 0.4 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 10.6 |
max | 4.3 | 10.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 3.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | <0.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 25.3 |
avg | 3.0 | 6.7 | 0.7 | 2.7 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | - | 0.1 | - | 17.2 |
SD | 0.7 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.0 | - | 0.1 | - | 3.8 |
Sample | EuN/EuN* | CeN/CeN* | (La/Yb)N | (Nd/Yb)N | Sample | EuN/EuN* | CeN/CeN* | (La/Yb)N | (Nd/Yb)N |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | 1.11 | 1.12 | 2.07 | 2.00 | M25 | 0.74 | 1.15 | 1.67 | 1.65 |
M2 | 1.27 | 1.11 | 2.12 | 2.43 | M26 | n/a | 1.14 | n/a | n/a |
M3 | 0.74 | 1.06 | 1.62 | 2.29 | M27 | 0.89 | 1.06 | 2.46 | 2.52 |
M4 | n/a | 0.89 | 3.64 | 2.25 | M28 | 0.81 | 1.05 | 1.62 | 1.79 |
M5 | 0.74 | 1.04 | 1.72 | 2.52 | M29 | n/a | 0.98 | 2.26 | 2.50 |
M6 | n/a | 1.08 | n/a | 2.47 | M30 | 1.19 | 1.06 | 1.92 | 2.11 |
M7 | 0.74 | 1.08 | 1.72 | 2.51 | M31 | 0.68 | 1.07 | 1.87 | 1.97 |
M8 | n/a | 1.08 | 2.56 | 2.14 | M32 | 0.74 | 1.07 | 1.77 | 1.67 |
M9 | n/a | 1.09 | 2.07 | 2.30 | M33 | 0.89 | 1.00 | 2.75 | 2.89 |
M10 | 0.74 | 1.06 | 1.77 | 2.27 | M34 | 0.68 | 1.10 | 3.44 | 3.35 |
M11 | n/a | 1.08 | 1.97 | 2.03 | M35 | n/a | 1.13 | 2.56 | 2.67 |
M12 | 0.74 | 1.11 | 1.67 | 2.54 | T1 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 3.98 | 4.19 |
M13 | 0.89 | 1.12 | 2.75 | 2.42 | T2 | 1.10 | 0.93 | 5.44 | 6.11 |
M14 | 0.81 | 1.05 | 1.62 | 2.39 | T3 | 1.16 | 0.95 | 5.56 | 6.03 |
M15 | 0.89 | 1.08 | 3.05 | 2.55 | T4 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 3.74 | 4.08 |
M16 | 0.89 | 1.10 | 2.75 | 2.44 | T5 | 0.97 | 0.94 | 4.36 | 4.62 |
M17 | n/a | 0.99 | 1.87 | 2.01 | |||||
M18 | 0.89 | 1.06 | 1.43 | 2.25 | S1 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 2.33 | 2.34 |
M19 | 0.89 | 1.05 | 2.95 | 2.56 | S2 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 2.27 | 2.28 |
M20 | 0.81 | 1.03 | 1.62 | 2.46 | S3 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 2.37 | 2.40 |
M21 | 0.81 | 1.04 | 1.62 | 2.42 | S4 | 0.95 | 1.00 | 2.34 | 2.36 |
M22 | n/a | 1.08 | 2.66 | 2.11 | S5 | 0.87 | 1.05 | 2.07 | 2.06 |
M23 | n/a | 1.07 | 2.66 | 1.91 | S6 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 2.44 | 2.46 |
M24 | 0.89 | 1.01 | 2.75 | 2.47 | S7 | 0.99 | 0.85 | 2.41 | 2.44 |
Sediments | Terra rossa Soil | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lake Mir * | Telašćica Bay * | Zrmanja Estuary, Croatia [15] | Bijagós Archipelago [32] | Cochin, India [35] | Odiel Spain [14] | Chesapeake Bay, USA [13] | Biscay, France [34] | Rijeka, Croatia [33] | Dugi Otok * | Zrmanja Estuary, Croatia [15] | Turkey [31] | China [30] | ||
La | 3.04 | 14.5 | 23.5 | 4.4–22 | 14.0–51.5 | 30.1 | 15.0–120 | 7.03–27.7 | 10.7 | 33.9 | 13.1 | 86.0 | 69.7–385 | |
Ce | 6.74 | 28.9 | 45.8 | 9.1–47 | 27.7–103 | 49.3 | 29.7–240 | 12.8–56.5 | 23.1 | 68.9 | 27.2 | 184 | 170–510 | |
Pr | 0.71 | 3.52 | 5.10 | 0.9–5.0 | 2.77–10.0 | 8.29 | 3.01–26.4 | 1.74–6.63 | 2.91 | 8.2 | 2.92 | 18.9 | 15.0–160 | |
Nd | 2.69 | 13.8 | 22.0 | 3.1–18 | 11.1–38.8 | 33.3 | 11.0–101 | 6.53–25.2 | 11.4 | 30.2 | 12.8 | 80.1 | 51.6–673 | |
Sm | 0.52 | 2.38 | 3.85 | 0.52–3.3 | 1.93–6.91 | 7.70 | 1.87–17.4 | 1.19–4.93 | 2.49 | 5.9 | 2.33 | 14.0 | 9.24–225 | |
Eu | 0.11 | 0.48 | 0.795 | 0.21–0.87 | 0.54–1.65 | 1.56 | 0.32–3.08 | 0.25–1.15 | 0.60 | 1.2 | 0.508 | 2.97 | 1.77–42.1 | |
Gd | 0.51 | 1.88 | 3.02 | 0.49–3.0 | 1.37–5.67 | 7.71 | 1.61–14.3 | 1.06–4.36 | 2.59 | 5.5 | 1.99 | 10.4 | 6.46–109 | |
Tb | <0.1 | 0.26 | 0.513 | - | 0.19–0.89 | 1.12 | 0.23–2.01 | 0.13–0.58 | 0.38 | 0.7 | 0.322 | 1.89 | 0.98–17.9 | |
Dy | 0.40 | 1.1 | 2.61 | 0.35–2.1 | 1.01–4.92 | 6.28 | 1.05–10.5 | 0.64–3.04 | 2.00 | 4.1 | 1.82 | 11.0 | 5.47–70.4 | |
Y | 2.19 | 5.91 | 13.1 | - | - | - | - | - | 11.3 | 20.3 | 157 | 56.6 | 26.1–76.5 | |
Ho | <0.1 | 0.18 | 0.506 | 0.08–0.43 | 0.21–1.03 | 1.33 | 0.20–1.86 | 0.12–0.61 | 0.38 | 0.7 | 0.343 | 2.09 | 1.08–8.97 | |
Er | 0.19 | 0.48 | 1.42 | 0.19–1.2 | 0.53–2.83 | 3.48 | 0.65–5.93 | 0.38–1.78 | 0.97 | 2.0 | 1.06 | 6.03 | 3.20–23.8 | |
Tm | <0.1 | - | 0.179 | 0.039–0.18 | 0.08–0.39 | 0.54 | 0.09–0.83 | 0.05–0.29 | 0.11 | 0.3 | 0.157 | 0.918 | 0.521–4.61 | |
Yb | 0.15 | 0.32 | 1.31 | 0.19–1.2 | 0.5–2.34 | 3.66 | 0.72–5.35 | 0.33–1.57 | 0.71 | 1.4 | 1.09 | 5.91 | 3.47–34.6 | |
Lu | <0.1 | - | 0.245 | 0.039–0.19 | 0.08–0.36 | 0.56 | 0.10–0.96 | 0.04–0.23 | - | 0.2 | 0.156 | 0.885 | 0.549–4.93 |
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Fiket, Ž.; Mlakar, M.; Kniewald, G. Distribution of Rare Earth Elements in Sediments of the Marine Lake Mir (Dugi Otok, Croatia). Geosciences 2018, 8, 301. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8080301
Fiket Ž, Mlakar M, Kniewald G. Distribution of Rare Earth Elements in Sediments of the Marine Lake Mir (Dugi Otok, Croatia). Geosciences. 2018; 8(8):301. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8080301
Chicago/Turabian StyleFiket, Željka, Marina Mlakar, and Goran Kniewald. 2018. "Distribution of Rare Earth Elements in Sediments of the Marine Lake Mir (Dugi Otok, Croatia)" Geosciences 8, no. 8: 301. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8080301