Evaluating Complex Magma Mixing via Polytopic Vector Analysis (PVA) in the Papagayo Tuff, Northern Costa Rica: Processes that Form Continental Crust
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geologic and Tectonic Setting
2.1. Significance of Ignimbrites in the Bagaces Formation: Evolving Continental Crust?
3. Analytical Methods
4. The Papagayo Tuff
4.1. Pumice Chemistry and Petrography
4.2. Matrix Glass Composition
4.3. Mineral Compositions
5. Discussion
5.1. Magma Mixing in the Papagayo Tuff
5.2. Origin of the “Anomalous” Samples
5.3. Polytopic Vector Analysis (PVA)
5.3.1. PVA of the Papagayo Samples
Analyte | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|---|---|---|
SiO2 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.99 |
TiO2 | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.93 |
Al2O3 | 0.70 | 0.81 | 0.79 |
Fe2O3 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.98 |
MnO | 0.39 | 0.61 | 0.64 |
MgO | 0.85 | 0.95 | 0.97 |
CaO | 0.91 | 0.96 | 0.98 |
Na2O | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.86 |
K2O | 0.89 | 0.93 | 0.95 |
P2O5 | 0.84 | 0.92 | 0.93 |
Rb | 0.70 | 0.85 | 0.91 |
Sr | 0.88 | 0.90 | 0.95 |
Sr | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.95 |
Ba | 0.78 | 0.90 | 0.94 |
La | 0.70 | 0.81 | 0.95 |
Ce | 0.82 | 0.90 | 0.93 |
Pr | 0.51 | 0.79 | 0.95 |
Nd | 0.25 | 0.70 | 0.93 |
Sm | 0.18 | 0.67 | 0.91 |
Eu | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.84 |
Gd | 0.10 | 0.68 | 0.88 |
Tb | 0.16 | 0.68 | 0.88 |
Y | 0.22 | 0.81 | 0.93 |
Dy | 0.13 | 0.75 | 0.89 |
Ho | 0.18 | 0.78 | 0.90 |
Er | 0.27 | 0.82 | 0.93 |
Yb | 0.39 | 0.86 | 0.95 |
Lu | 0.38 | 0.84 | 0.93 |
V | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.91 |
Nb | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.96 |
Hf | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.92 |
Ta | 0.87 | 0.92 | 0.92 |
Pb | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.59 |
Th | 0.88 | 0.90 | 0.93 |
U | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.87 |
Analyte | Rhy | BA | Dac |
---|---|---|---|
SiO2 | 72.5 | 53.1 | 68.9 |
TiO2 | 0.58 | 1.17 | 0.72 |
Al2O3 | 13.40 | 19.00 | 16.90 |
Fe2O3 | 2.18 | 11.40 | 4.20 |
MnO | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.06 |
MgO | 0.66 | 2.95 | 0.02 |
CaO | 1.79 | 7.29 | 1.58 |
Na2O | 2.80 | 3.74 | 3.95 |
K2O | 5.54 | 0.31 | 3.39 |
P2O5 | 0.12 | 0.60 | 0.00 |
Rb | 128.0 | 11.1 | 51.9 |
Zr | 298.0 | 68.2 | 290.0 |
Sr | 217.0 | 734.0 | 329.0 |
V | 0.0 | 190.0 | 43.7 |
Y | 50.80 | 23.70 | 18.40 |
Nb | 15.60 | 2.14 | 15.70 |
Ba | 1680 | 809 | 2130 |
La | 52.30 | 18.90 | 32.70 |
Ce | 105.00 | 34.00 | 66.90 |
Pr | 13.60 | 5.61 | 6.98 |
Nd | 51.50 | 26.70 | 24.70 |
Sm | 9.92 | 5.64 | 4.88 |
Eu | 1.68 | 1.89 | 1.68 |
Gd | 9.01 | 5.51 | 4.27 |
Tb | 1.39 | 0.79 | 0.64 |
Dy | 7.91 | 4.31 | 3.10 |
Ho | 1.69 | 0.85 | 0.65 |
Er | 4.91 | 2.21 | 1.86 |
Yb | 5.19 | 1.93 | 1.90 |
Lu | 0.83 | 0.30 | 0.29 |
Hf | 6.50 | 1.82 | 6.41 |
Ta | 0.91 | 0.02 | 1.01 |
Pb | 10.00 | 1.86 | 9.53 |
Th | 11.90 | 2.90 | 11.90 |
U | 5.36 | 0.63 | 4.32 |
5.4. Petrogenesis of the Papagayo Tuff
5.5. Magma Mixing as a Process in the Formation of Continental Crust
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Szymanski, D.W.; Patino, L.C.; Vogel, T.A.; Alvarado, G.E. Evaluating Complex Magma Mixing via Polytopic Vector Analysis (PVA) in the Papagayo Tuff, Northern Costa Rica: Processes that Form Continental Crust. Geosciences 2013, 3, 585-615. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences3030585
Szymanski DW, Patino LC, Vogel TA, Alvarado GE. Evaluating Complex Magma Mixing via Polytopic Vector Analysis (PVA) in the Papagayo Tuff, Northern Costa Rica: Processes that Form Continental Crust. Geosciences. 2013; 3(3):585-615. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences3030585
Chicago/Turabian StyleSzymanski, David W., Lina C. Patino, Thomas A. Vogel, and Guillermo E. Alvarado. 2013. "Evaluating Complex Magma Mixing via Polytopic Vector Analysis (PVA) in the Papagayo Tuff, Northern Costa Rica: Processes that Form Continental Crust" Geosciences 3, no. 3: 585-615. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences3030585