Pb2+ Effects on Growth, Lipids, and Protein and DNA Profiles of the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermus Thermophilus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Biological System and Cultural Condition
2.3. Homogenate Preparation
2.4. Lipid and Fatty Acid Analysis
2.5. Extracellular Phase Preparation
2.6. Enzyme Activities
2.7. Protein Determination
2.8. Protein Profile
2.9. Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis
2.10. DNA Preparation and Genotyping Analysis
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Pb2+ Effects on Growth
3.2. Pb2+ Effects on Lipid Pattern and Fatty Acid Composition
3.3. Pb2+ Effects on Cell Protein Profiles and Enzyme Activities
3.4. Pb2+ Effects on Protein Pattern; Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis
3.5. Determination of DNA Melting Temperature
3.6. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-PCR
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fatty Acids | 0 ppm Pb2+ | 100 ppm Pb2+ |
---|---|---|
iso-C15:0 | 21.54 ± 1.1% | 16.96 ± 0.9% |
iso-C17:0 | 47.98 ± 2.2% | 60.36 ± 3.1% |
anteiso-C17:0 | 12.24 ± 0.4% | 10.08 ± 0.3% |
Sample | Proteins in Crude Homogenate (mg/mL) | Proteins in Crude Homogenate (mg/g dry cell) | Proteins in Extracellular Fraction (mg/mL) | Proteins in Extracellular Fraction (mg/g dry cell) | β-Glucosidase Specific Activity (U/mg) | α-Maltosidase Specific Activity (U/mg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 ppm Pb2+ | 36.03 ± 1.8 | 51.47 ± 2.2 | 2.07 ± 0.06 | 2.96 ± 0.07 | 4.1 ± 0.12 | 8.0 ± 0.22 |
100 ppm Pb2+ | 31.29 ± 1.5 | 44.7 ± 1.9 | 1.77 ± 0.05 | 2.53 ± 0.06 | 3.7 ± 0.11 | 6.6 ± 0.18 |
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Nicolaus, B.; Poli, A.; Di Donato, P.; Romano, I.; Laezza, G.; Gioiello, A.; Ulgiati, S.; Fratianni, F.; Nazzaro, F.; Orlando, P.; et al. Pb2+ Effects on Growth, Lipids, and Protein and DNA Profiles of the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermus Thermophilus. Microorganisms 2016, 4, 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms4040045
Nicolaus B, Poli A, Di Donato P, Romano I, Laezza G, Gioiello A, Ulgiati S, Fratianni F, Nazzaro F, Orlando P, et al. Pb2+ Effects on Growth, Lipids, and Protein and DNA Profiles of the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermus Thermophilus. Microorganisms. 2016; 4(4):45. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms4040045
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicolaus, Barbara, Annarita Poli, Paola Di Donato, Ida Romano, Giusi Laezza, Alessia Gioiello, Sergio Ulgiati, Florinda Fratianni, Filomena Nazzaro, Pierangelo Orlando, and et al. 2016. "Pb2+ Effects on Growth, Lipids, and Protein and DNA Profiles of the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermus Thermophilus" Microorganisms 4, no. 4: 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms4040045