Opportunistic Mapping of Strongyloides stercoralis and Hookworm in Dogs in Remote Australian Communities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Dog DNA Origin
2.2. Prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis and Hookworms
2.3. Association of Hookworms with Strongyloidiasis
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Ethical Considerations
4.2. Study Area and Population
4.3. Specimen Collection and DNA Extraction
4.4. Real-Time PCR Assays
4.5. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primer/Probe | Amplicon | Sequence | Reaction Conditions |
---|---|---|---|
Stro18S-1530F Stro18S-1630R Stro18S-1586T FAM | rDNA 101 bp | 5′-GAATTCCAAGTAAACGTAAGTCATTAGC-3′ 5′-TGCCTCTGGATATTGCTCAGTTC-3′ 5′-FAM-ACACACCGGCCGTCGCTGC-3′-BHQ1 | Step 1: 95 °C for 15 min, Step 2: 95 °C for 15 s, Step 3: 60 °C for 30 s. Repeat steps two and three 40 times. |
A. cancey F A. cancey R Ahumanceylanicum probe Acantub probe | ITS1 region | 5′- GGGAAGGTTGGGAGTATCG-3′ 5′- CGAACTTCGCACAGCAATC-3′ 5′- Cy5/CCGTTC+CTGGGTGGC/3IABkRQSp/-3′ 5′-HEX/ AG+T+CGT+T+A+C+TGG/3IABkRFQ/-3′ | Step 1: 95 °C for 2 min, Step 2: 95 °C for 15 s, Step 3: 60°C for 60 s. Repeat steps two and three 40 times. |
Uncbraz F Uncbraz R Unc Probe Abra probe | ITS1 region | 5′- GAG CTT TAG ACT TGA TGA GCA TTG-3′ 5′- GCA GAT CAT TAA GGT TTC CTG AC-3′ 5’-/5HEX/CAT TAG GCG /ZEN/GCA ACG TCT GGT G/3IABkFQ/-3′ 5’-/56FAM/TGA GCG CTA /ZEN/GGC TAA CGC CT/3IABkFQ/-3’ | Step 1: 95 °C for 2 min, Step 2: 95 °C for 15 s, Step 3: 64 °C for 60 s. Repeat steps two and three 40 times. |
EMV F ENV R ENV probe | Equine herpesvirus type 4 | 5′-GATGACACTAGCG-ACTTCGA-3′ 5′-CAGGGCAGAAACC-ATAGACA-3′ 5′-TEX-TTTCGCGTGC-CTCCTCCAG-IBRQ-3′ | Step 1: 95 °C for 2 min, Step 2: 95 °C for 15 s, Step 3: 60 °C for 60 s. Repeat steps two and three 40 times. |
Dog F Dog R Dog probe | mtDNA | 5′-CGACCTCGATGTTGGATCAG-3′ 5′-GAACTCAGATCACGTAGGACTTT-3′ 5′-FAM/ CCTAATGGT/ ZEN/ GCAGCAGCTATTAA/ LABKFQ-3′ | Step 1: 95 °C for 2 min, Step 2: 95 °C for 15 s, Step 3: 60 °C for 60 s. Repeat steps two and three 40 times. |
Species | GenBank Accession Number | Sequence |
---|---|---|
Ancylostoma ceylanicum | DQ780009.1 | CGTGCTAGTCTTCAGGACTTTGTCGGGAAGGTTGGGAGTATCGCCCCCCGTTACAGCCCTACGTGAGGTGTCTATGTGCAGCAAGAGCCGTTCCTGGGTGGCGGCAGTGATTGCTGTGCGAAGTTCGCGTTTCGCTGAGCTTTAGACTTGAG |
Ancylostoma duodenale/Ancylostoma caninum | EU344797.1 | CGTGCTAGTCTTCACGACTTTGTCGGGAAGGTTGGGAGTATCGCCCCCCGTTATAGCCCTACGTAAGGTGTCTATGTGCAGCAAGAGTCGTTACTGGGTGACGGCAGTGATTGCTGTGCGAAGTTCGCGTTTCGCTGAGCTTTAGACTTGAT |
Ancylostoma braziliense | JQ812692.1 | TGTACGAAGCTCGCGGTTTCGTCAGAGCTTTAGACTTGATGAGCATTGCTAGAATGCCGCCTTACCTGCTTGTGTTGGTGGTTGAGCGCTAGGCTAACGCCTGGTGCGGCACCTGTCTGTCAGGAAACCTTAATGATCTGCTAACGCGGACGCCAGCACAGCAAT |
Uncinaria stenocephala | HQ262054.1 | GCTGTGCGAAGTTCGCGTTTCGCTGAGCTTTAGACTTGATGAGCATTGCTGGAATGCCGCCTTACTGTTTGTGTTGGTGGTTGGGCATTAGGCGGCAACGTCTGGTGCGACACCTGTTTGTCAGGAAACCTTAATGATCTGCTCACGTGGACGCCAATACAGCACT |
Equid herpesvirus | KT324745.1 | ATGAAAGCTCTATACCCAATAACAACCAGGAGCCTTAAAAACAAAGCCAAAGCCTCATACGGCCAAAACGACGATGATGACACTAGCGACTTCGATGAAGCCAAGCTGGAGGAGGCACGCGAAATGATCAAATATATGTCTATGGTTTCTGCCCTGGAAAAACAGGAAAAAAAGGCAATGAAGAAAAACAAGGGGGTTGGACTTATTGCC |
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Beknazarova, M.; Whiley, H.; Traub, R.; Ross, K. Opportunistic Mapping of Strongyloides stercoralis and Hookworm in Dogs in Remote Australian Communities. Pathogens 2020, 9, 398. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050398
Beknazarova M, Whiley H, Traub R, Ross K. Opportunistic Mapping of Strongyloides stercoralis and Hookworm in Dogs in Remote Australian Communities. Pathogens. 2020; 9(5):398. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050398
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeknazarova, Meruyert, Harriet Whiley, Rebecca Traub, and Kirstin Ross. 2020. "Opportunistic Mapping of Strongyloides stercoralis and Hookworm in Dogs in Remote Australian Communities" Pathogens 9, no. 5: 398. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050398