Phytophthora Species Involved in Alnus glutinosa Decline in Portugal
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Field Surveys and Sampling Procedure
2.2. Isolation and Identification of Phytophthora Species
2.3. Identification of Isolates
2.4. Pathogenicity Test
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Symptomatology
3.2. Aetiology
3.3. Pathogenicity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Survey Sites | Elevation (m a.s.l.) | Geographic Coordinates | Number of Samples | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 9 | 40.7035888 | −8.6052296 | R(4) |
2 | 11 | 40.7206700 | −8.5652620 | R(20), S(5), L(10) |
3 | 11 | 40.7141470 | −8.5738595 | R(10), S(3), L(10) |
4 | 417 | 40.6128810 | −7.5174910 | R(2) |
5 | 750 | 40.4106660 | −7.4713180 | R(2) |
Species | Accession Number | ITS Clade | Number of Samples | Sites | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stem | Rhizosphere | Water | ||||
P. amnicola | OQ202216 | 6 | - | 6 | 3 | 2,3 |
P. asparagi | OQ202217 | 6 | - | 2 | - | 3 |
P. bilorbang | OQ202218 | 6 | - | - | 4 | 2,3 |
P. cactorum | OQ202219 | 1 | - | 2 | - | 2 |
P. chlamydospora | OQ202220 | 6 | - | 4 | 2 | 2,3,4 |
P. cinnamomi | OQ202221 | 7 | - | 3 | - | 2 |
P. gonapodyides | OQ202222 | 6 | - | 1 | - | 3 |
P. lacustris | OQ202223 | 6 | - | 4 | 9 | 2,3 |
P. multivora | OQ202224 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 2,3 |
P. plurivora | OQ202225 | 2 | 1 | 3 | - | 1,2,4 |
P. polonica | OQ202226 | 9 | - | 2 | 4 | 2,3 |
P. pseudocryptogea | OQ202227 | 8 | - | 2 | - | 3,5 |
P. rosacearum | OQ202228 | 6 | - | 1 | - | 2 |
Species | Isolates | Mean Lesion Length (mm) * | Exudates | Wilting | Re-Isolation (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P. amnicola | CBP28 | 11.0 ± 4.8bc | - | 30% | 100 |
P. asparagi | CBP23 | 12.2 ± 4.7bc | - | 40% | 100 |
P. chlamydospora | CBP16 | 15.5 ± 4.8b | - | 30% | 100 |
P. multivora | CBP56 | 41.2 ± 14.7a | 40% | 80% | 100 |
P. rosacearum | CBP81 | 8.5 ± 3.1cd | - | - | 100 |
Control | - | 2.5 ± 1.4d | - | - | - |
Critical value | - | 2.006 |
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Bregant, C.; Batista, E.; Hilário, S.; Linaldeddu, B.T.; Alves, A. Phytophthora Species Involved in Alnus glutinosa Decline in Portugal. Pathogens 2023, 12, 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12020276
Bregant C, Batista E, Hilário S, Linaldeddu BT, Alves A. Phytophthora Species Involved in Alnus glutinosa Decline in Portugal. Pathogens. 2023; 12(2):276. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12020276
Chicago/Turabian StyleBregant, Carlo, Eduardo Batista, Sandra Hilário, Benedetto T. Linaldeddu, and Artur Alves. 2023. "Phytophthora Species Involved in Alnus glutinosa Decline in Portugal" Pathogens 12, no. 2: 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12020276