Examining Variance, Flexibility, and Centrality in the Spatial Configurations of Yazd Schools: A Longitudinal Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Historical Background
3. Methodology
3.1. Case Selection
- (i)
- Originally built as educational buildings,
- (ii)
- Largely standing in their original condition,
- (iii)
- Representative of each era (traditional, transitional, and modern, and contemporary), and
- (iv)
- Documented by experts and available for analysis.
- Traditional era (the 13th century to the mid-Qajar or mid-19th century),
- Transitional and modern era (the mid-19th century to the late 20th century), and
- Contemporary era (the late 20th century to the present).
3.2. A Justified Plan Graph (JPG) Method
3.3. Research Hypotheses
4. Results
4.1. Variance
4.2. Flexibility
4.3. Centrality
5. Discussions
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Era | School ID | Name | Year of Est. | No. of Stories | No. of Spaces | Timeline |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional | 1 | Mosalla | 1551 | 2 | 99 | Safavid (1501–1736) |
2 | Shafieiye | 1660 | 1 | 53 | ||
3 | Khan | 1772 | 2 | 113 | Zand–Afsharid (1736–1789) | |
4 | Imam Khomeini | 1825 | 1 | 113 | Qajar (early) (1789–1850) | |
5 | Mullah Esmaeil | 1842 | 1 | 49 | ||
Transitional or modern | 6 | Keikhosravi | 1889 | 1 | 37 | Qajar (late) (1850–1925) |
7 | Abolmaali | 1900 | 1 | 36 | ||
8 | Badr | 1900 | 1 | 35 | ||
9 | Khosravi | 1906 | 1 | 19 | ||
10 | Dinyari | 1916 | 1 | 15 | ||
11 | Ardeshiri | 1925 | 1 | 20 | Pahlavi (1925–1979) | |
12 | Iranshahr | 1934 | 2 | 39 | ||
13 | Markar | 1934 | 1 | 60 | ||
14 | Rostami | 1936 | 1 | 18 | ||
Contemporary | 15 | Javad-Al-Aeme 1 | 1994 | 2 | 32 | Islamic Republic (1979–present) |
16 | Owlia | 2000 | 2 | 25 | ||
17 | Javad-Al-Aeme 2 | 2010 | 1 | 57 | ||
18 | 12 Day | 2011 | 2 | 25 | ||
19 | Yadegar-E-Emam | 2018 | 2 | 27 | ||
20 | Danesh | 2019 | 2 | 38 |
Era | School ID | TD | MD | RA | iRA | RRA | iRRA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional | 1 | 357.25 | 3.64 | 0.05 | 20.31 | 0.70 | 1.70 |
2 | 188.75 | 3.62 | 0.10 | 10.68 | 0.76 | 1.20 | |
3 | 483.32 | 4.31 | 0.05 | 18.05 | 0.64 | 1.56 | |
4 | 480.35 | 4.28 | 0.05 | 18.27 | 0.64 | 1.56 | |
5 | 219.95 | 4.58 | 0.15 | 7.05 | 1.10 | 0.90 | |
Transitional or Modern | 6 | 109.40 | 3.03 | 0.11 | 9.45 | 0.68 | 1.45 |
7 | 116.27 | 3.32 | 0.13 | 8.02 | 0.79 | 1.25 | |
8 | 114.62 | 3.37 | 0.14 | 7.66 | 0.84 | 1.18 | |
9 | 51.57 | 2.86 | 0.21 | 5.08 | 0.96 | 1.10 | |
10 | 34.40 | 2.45 | 0.22 | 4.96 | 0.84 | 1.17 | |
11 | 54.00 | 2.84 | 0.20 | 5.43 | 0.88 | 1.12 | |
12 | 126.56 | 3.33 | 0.12 | 8.50 | 0.77 | 1.29 | |
13 | 229.66 | 3.89 | 0.09 | 10.52 | 0.75 | 1.32 | |
14 | 48.55 | 2.85 | 0.23 | 4.75 | 0.94 | 1.03 | |
Contemporary | 15 | 99.75 | 3.21 | 0.14 | 7.27 | 0.80 | 1.24 |
16 | 67.28 | 2.80 | 0.15 | 6.90 | 0.75 | 1.33 | |
17 | 258.35 | 4.61 | 0.13 | 7.99 | 0.95 | 0.94 | |
18 | 73.84 | 3.07 | 0.18 | 6.02 | 0.88 | 1.11 | |
19 | 82.00 | 3.15 | 0.17 | 6.11 | 0.88 | 1.12 | |
20 | 147.42 | 3.98 | 0.16 | 6.37 | 1.00 | 0.98 | |
Mean (μ) | 167.16 | 3.45 | 0.13 | 8.96 | 0.82 | 1.22 | |
SD | 135.47 | 0.63 | 0.05 | 4.60 | 0.12 | 0.21 | |
Variance (SD/μ) | 81.0% | 18.3% | 38.5% | 51.3% | 14.6% | 17.2% |
Centrality Property | Group | Mean | SD | F | Sig. | Duncan a,b |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CV | T | 10.55 | 7.01 | 39.298 | 0.000 | T > TM, C |
TM | 1.61 | 1.26 | ||||
C | 1.09 | 0.69 | ||||
iRA | T | 28.43 | 15.54 | 35.367 | 0.000 | T > TM > C |
TM | 11.15 | 4.23 | ||||
C | 6.23 | 2.02 | ||||
iRRA | T | 3.33 | 2.22 | 16.263 | 0.000 | T > TM > C |
TM | 1.93 | 0.77 | ||||
C | 1.07 | 0.36 |
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Fallah Tafti, F.; Lee, J.H. Examining Variance, Flexibility, and Centrality in the Spatial Configurations of Yazd Schools: A Longitudinal Analysis. Buildings 2022, 12, 2080. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122080
Fallah Tafti F, Lee JH. Examining Variance, Flexibility, and Centrality in the Spatial Configurations of Yazd Schools: A Longitudinal Analysis. Buildings. 2022; 12(12):2080. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122080
Chicago/Turabian StyleFallah Tafti, Fatemeh, and Ju Hyun Lee. 2022. "Examining Variance, Flexibility, and Centrality in the Spatial Configurations of Yazd Schools: A Longitudinal Analysis" Buildings 12, no. 12: 2080. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122080