Failure Assessment of Steel/CFRP Double Strap Joints
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Testing
3. Finite Element Analysis
4. Failure Load Prediction
4.1. How to Calculate the Effective Bond Length by Applying the Point Stress (PS) Method
4.2. How to Obtain the Theoretical Failure Loads of the Double Strap Joint (DSJ) Specimens by Means of the PS Method
5. Failure Mechanisms in Steel/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) DSJs
6. Assumptions, Limitations, and Advantages of the PS Method for DSJs
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Property | Steel Plates | Adhesive | CFRP Sheets * |
---|---|---|---|
Tensile modulus (GPa) | 203 | 2.1 | 200 |
Poisson’s ratio | 0.25 | 0.35 | 0.28 |
Ultimate strength (MPa) | 520 | 39 | 1900 |
Ultimate Strain (mm/mm) | 22 | 2.9 | 1.1 |
Bonding Length, L1 (mm) | Bonding Length, L2 (mm) | Experimental Failure Load Pexp (kN) |
---|---|---|
10 | 40 | 14.80 |
13.19 | ||
11.86 | ||
13.47 | ||
Average (Standard Deviation) = 13.33 (9%) | ||
20 | 50 | 23.21 |
26.57 | ||
22.24 | ||
25.42 | ||
Average (Standard Deviation) = 24.36 (8%) | ||
30 | 60 | 32.89 |
33.12 | ||
30.98 | ||
28.73 | ||
Average (Standard Deviation) = 31.43 (6%) | ||
40 | 70 | 31.58 |
28.25 | ||
31.15 | ||
29.70 | ||
Average (Standard Deviation) = 30.17 (5%) | ||
50 | 80 | 31.45 |
30.41 | ||
33.22 | ||
32.64 | ||
Average (Standard Deviation) = 31.93 (4%) |
Bonding Length, L1 | Bonding Length, L2 | Experimental Failure Load, PExp. (kN) | Theoretical Failure Load, PTheor. (kN) | PTheor./PExp. |
---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 40 | 13.33 | 14.67 | 1.10 |
20 | 50 | 24.36 | 23.05 | 0.95 |
30 | 60 | 31.43 | 31.43 | 1.00 |
40 | 70 | 30.17 | 31.43 | 1.04 |
50 | 80 | 31.93 | 31.43 | 0.98 |
Property | Steel Plates | Adhesive | CFRP Sheets |
---|---|---|---|
Tensile modulus (GPa) | 200 | 1.9 | 240 |
Equivalent tensile modulus for the joints series B (GPa) | - | - | 88.7 |
Poisson’s ratio | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.28 |
Specimen Label | Bonding Length, L1 | Bonding Length, L2 | PExp.1 (kN) | PExp.2 (kN) | PExp.3 (kN) | PExp. (kN) (Standard Deviation) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 10 | 80 | 19.84 | - | - | 19.84 (-) |
A | 20 | 80 | 35.61 | 40.14 | - | 37.87 (8%) |
A | 30 | 80 | 46.16 | 44.27 | - | 45.22 (3%) |
A | 40 | 80 | 46.40 | 41.73 | - | 44.06 (7%) |
A | 50 | 80 | 45.97 | 48.91 | - | 47.44 (4%) |
A | 60 | 80 | 45.92 | 46.43 | - | 46.17 (1%) |
A | 70 | 100 | 43.99 | 48.67 | - | 46.33 (7%) |
A | 80 | 100 | 50.13 | 46.23 | - | 48.18 (6%) |
A | 90 | 115 | 46.97 | 44.68 | - | 45.82 (4%) |
A | 100 | 115 | 47.28 | 46.19 | - | 46.73 (2%) |
B | 10 | 80 | 29.61 | - | - | 29.61 (-) |
B | 20 | 80 | 51.22 | 54.91 | 56.47 | 54.20 (5%) |
B | 30 | 80 | 66.89 | 71.37 | 68.36 | 68.88 (3%) |
B | 40 | 80 | 80.38 | 84.23 | 84.03 | 82.88 (3%) |
B | 50 | 80 | 101.67 | 86.50 | 102.32 | 96.83 (9%) |
B | 60 | 80 | 104.06 | 93.36 | 106.63 | 101.35 (7%) |
B | 70 | 100 | 111.54 | 89.12 | 109.07 | 103.24 (12%) |
B | 80 | 100 | 93.95 | 91.13 | 107.12 | 97.40 (9%) |
B | 90 | 115 | 91.21 | 93.51 | 107.40 | 97.38 (9%) |
B | 100 | 115 | 96.75 | 91.80 | 109.12 | 99.22 (9%) |
Specimen Label | Bonding Length, L1 | Bonding Length, L2 | Average of Experimental Failure Load, PExp. (kN) [28] | Theoretical Failure Load, PTheor. (kN) | PTheor./PExp. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 10 | 80 | 19.84 | 21.1 | 1.06 |
A | 20 | 80 | 37.87 | 33.16 | 0.88 |
A | 30 | 80 | 45.22 | 45.22 | 1 |
A | 40 | 80 | 44.06 | 45.22 | 1.03 |
A | 50 | 80 | 47.44 | 45.22 | 0.95 |
A | 60 | 80 | 46.17 | 45.22 | 0.98 |
A | 70 | 100 | 46.33 | 45.22 | 0.98 |
A | 80 | 100 | 48.18 | 45.22 | 0.94 |
A | 90 | 115 | 45.82 | 45.22 | 0.99 |
A | 100 | 115 | 46.73 | 45.22 | 0.97 |
B | 10 | 80 | 29.61 | 34.86 | 1.18 |
B | 20 | 80 | 54.20 | 50.35 | 0.93 |
B | 30 | 80 | 68.88 | 65.84 | 0.96 |
B | 40 | 80 | 82.88 | 81.34 | 0.98 |
B | 50 | 80 | 96.83 | 96.83 | 1 |
B | 60 | 80 | 101.35 | 96.83 | 0.96 |
B | 70 | 100 | 103.24 | 96.83 | 0.94 |
B | 80 | 100 | 97.40 | 96.83 | 0.99 |
B | 90 | 115 | 97.38 | 96.83 | 0.99 |
B | 100 | 115 | 99.22 | 96.83 | 0.98 |
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Majidi, H.R.; Razavi, S.M.J.; Berto, F. Failure Assessment of Steel/CFRP Double Strap Joints. Metals 2017, 7, 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7070255
Majidi HR, Razavi SMJ, Berto F. Failure Assessment of Steel/CFRP Double Strap Joints. Metals. 2017; 7(7):255. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7070255
Chicago/Turabian StyleMajidi, Hamid Reza, Seyed Mohammad Javad Razavi, and Filippo Berto. 2017. "Failure Assessment of Steel/CFRP Double Strap Joints" Metals 7, no. 7: 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7070255