Blood Morphological and Biochemical Indicator Characteristics in Men Performing Different Physical Activities in the Cold—A Preliminary Report
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Blood Sample Collection
2.3. Morphological and Biochemical Assays
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Morphological Indicators: RUN + WS vs. WS
3.2. Morphological Indicators: RUN + WS vs. Control
3.3. Morphological Indicators: WS vs. Control
3.4. Biochemical Indicators: RUN + WS vs. WS
3.5. Biochemical Indicators: RUN + WS vs. Control
3.6. Biochemical Indicators: WS vs. Control
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Month | Mean Air Temperature in Poland | Mean Water Temperature in Poland |
---|---|---|
November | 5.6 °C | 7 °C |
December | 1.9 °C | 4 °C |
January | −0.5 °C | 4 °C |
February | 0.1 °C | 4 °C |
March | 5.1 °C | 4 °C |
April | 6.0 °C | 4 °C |
Parameter | RUN + WS Group (n = 10) M (Min–Max) ± SD | WS Group (n = 10) M (Min–Max) ± SD | Control Group (n = 10) M (Min–Max) ± SD | p (ANOVA on Ranks) | Post Hoc Analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RUN + WS /WS | WS/CON | RUN + WS /CON | |||||
Age [years] | 38.5 (27–46) ± 3.79 | 40.0 (34–44) ± 1.57 | 41.0 (35–45) ± 0.34 | 0.07 | n.s. | ||
Body height [cm] | 177.5 (176–178) ± 1.04 | 177.5 (173–183) ± 2.26 | 176.5 (175–186) ± 2.27 | 0.97 | n.s. | ||
Body mass [kg] | 71.5 (70–74) ± 6.44 | 77.5 (74–96) ± 5.84 | 76.7 (68–80) ± 2.32 | 0.06 | n.s. |
Parameter | RUN + WS Group (n = 10) M (Min–Max) ± SD | WS Group (n = 10) M (Min–Max) ± SD | Control Group (n = 10) M (Min–Max) ± SD | p (ANOVA on Ranks) | Post Hoc Analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RUN + WS/ WS | WS/CON | RUN + WS /CON | |||||
RBC [×1012/L] | 5.05 (4.58–5.25) ± 0.14 | 5.11 (4.9–5.22) ± 0.13 | 5.23 (4.88–5.32) ± 0.11 | 0.58 | n.s. | ||
Hb [g/dL] | 15.15 (14–15.4) ± 0.22 | 14.75 (14.4–15.8) ± 0.42 | 15.50 (14.9–16) ± 0.33 | 0.31 | n.s. | ||
HCT [%] | 45.60 (42.9–46.2) ± 0.68 | 44.30 (42.4–47) ± 1.16 | 46.75 (45.7–49.2) ± 0.98 | 0.12 | n.s. | ||
MCV [fL] | 90.85 (87.7–94.3) ± 1.29 | 87.25 (85.3–89.1) ± 1.2 | 90.40 (89.4–93.2) ± 0.76 | 0.03 * | 0.09 | 0.008 * | 0.67 |
MCH [pg] | 30.50 (29.2–31.1) ± 0.5 | 29.35 (28.7–29.7) ± 0.35 | 29.95 (29.8–30.4) ± 0.14 | 0.06 | n.s. | ||
MCHC [g/dL] | 33.0 (32.9–33.3) ± 0.08 | 33.70 (33.1–34.1) ± 0.21 | 32.95 (32.6–33.4) ± 0.16 | 0.04 * | 0.04 * | 0.03 * | 0.7 |
RDW [%] | 15.20 (13.3–15.6) ± 0.43 | 12.85 (12.6–13.3) ± 0.15 | 12.80 (12.4–13) ± 0.15 | 0.003 * | 0.008 * | 0.003 * | 0.38 |
WBC [×109/L] | 4.23 (3.99–5.99) ± 0.49 | 5.09 (3.77–6.08) ± 0.49 | 6.35 (5.98–6.89) ± 0.39 | 0.04 * | 0.79 | 0.053 | 0.02 * |
Neutrocytes [×109/L] | 1.85 (1.6–3.03) ± 0.33 | 2.69 (1.82–2.75) ± 0.3 | 3.07 (2.56–3.6) ± 0.32 | 0.09 | n.s. | ||
Eosinocytes [×109/L] | 0.12 (0.07–0.16) ± 0.03 | 0.16 (0.12–0.21) ± 0.02 | 0.16 (0.03–0.06) ± 0.05 | 0.63 | n.s. | ||
Basophils [×109/L] | 0.04 (0.03–0.05) ± 0.01 | 0.03 (0.03–0.04) ± 0.003 | 0.04 (0.03–0.06) ± 0.01 | 0.2 | n.s. | ||
Lymphocytes [×109/L] | 1.92 (1.56–2.43) ± 0.15 | 1.61 (1.37–2.69) ± 0.22 | 2.26 (1.73–2.46) ± 0.21 | 0.25 | n.s. | ||
Monocytes [×109/L] | 0.41 (0.28–0.47) ± 0.03 | 0.36 (0.3–0.49) ± 0.03 | 0.50 (0.43–0.63) ± 0.05 | 0.04 * | 0.96 | 0.02 * | 0.04 * |
PLT [×109/L] | 204.0 (193–263) ± 15.97 | 252.5 (200–262) ± 16.6 | 218.5 (181–243) ± 18.96 | 0.4 | n.s. | ||
MPV [fL] | 8.40 (7.2–9) ± 0.67 | 9.16 (8.6–10.2) ± 0.32 | 9.30 (8.7–9.9) ± 0.01 | 0.21 | n.s. | ||
PCT [%] | 0.20 (0.18–0.25) ± 0.09 | 0.21 (0.19–0.25) ± 0.01 | 0.19 (0.18–0.21) ± 0.01 | 0.59 | n.s. | ||
PDW [%] | 19.10 (17.2–48.9) ± 5.45 | 57.90 (48.6–60.6) ± 2.22 | 55.05 (52–56) ± 1.98 | 0.004 * | 0.006 * | 0.38 | 0.005 * |
Parameter | RUN + WS Group (n = 10) M (Min–Max) ± SD | WS Group (n = 10) M (Min–Max) ± SD | Control Group (n = 10) M (Min–Max) ± SD | p (ANOVA on Ranks) | Post Hoc Analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RUN + WS /WS | WS /CON | RUN + WS /CON | |||||
Na+ [mmol/L] | 141.00 (139–142) ± 0.54 | 139.50 (139–140) ± 0.45 | 138.00 (137–139) ± 0.37 | 0.009 * | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.005 * |
K+ [mmol/L] | 4.71 (4.49–4.96) ± 0.12 | 4.37 (4.15–4.49) ± 0.07 | 4.25 (4.02–4.6) ± 0.11 | 0.09 | n.s. | ||
Cl− [mmol/L] | 101.05 (100.6–102.4) ± 0.46 | 101.45 (99–102.8) ± 0.68 | 99.50 (98.4–101.1) ± 0.41 | 0.059 * | 0.94 | 0.07 | 0.02 * |
Urea [mmol/L] | 5.51 (4.21–6.43) ± 0.45 | 4.60 (3.77–5.21) ± 0.38 | 4.34 (4.13–5.22) ± 0.26 | 0.44 | n.s. | ||
Creatinine [µmol/L] | 78.30 (73.8–84.8) ± 3.09 | 90.75 (77.7–96) ± 0.33 | 85.40 (77.7–97.4) ± 4.31 | 0.3 | n.s. | ||
eGFR [ml/min/1.73 m2] | 90.00 (90–90) ± 1.39 | 82.00 (78–90) ± 2.15 | 90.00 (86–90) ± 1.78 | 0.05 | 0.02 * | 0.11 | 0.32 |
Uric acid [µmol/L] | 318.80 (273.1–344.5) ± 12.79 | 398.20 (332.1–422.8) ± 20.76 | 333.20 (275.5–370.7) ± 18.83 | 0.04 * | 0.01 * | 0.14 | 0.38 |
Total bilirubin [µmol/L] | 11.60 (9.6–15) ± 2.49 | 7.20 (5.1–10.4) ± 2.15 | 9.90 (6.2–12.7) ± 3.49 | 0.13 | n.s. | ||
ALP [U/L] | 70.60 (63.5–90.1) ± 4.05 | 59.60 (67.3–70.7) ± 6.24 | 99.30 (73.1–110.7) ± 7.2 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.02 * | 0.04 * |
AST [U/L] | 26.50 (20.7–29.6) ± 1.73 | 23.05 (21.4–28) ± 1.57 | 22.15 (18.4–25.7) ± 3.5 | 0.36 | n.s. | ||
ALT [U/L] | 23.50 (19.9–28) ± 2.02 | 29.00 (22.5–49.3) ± 5.36 | 25.75 (17.2–32.4) ± 8.66 | 0.3 | n.s. | ||
GGT [U/L] | 24.00 (18–40) ± 4.41 | 27.50 (18–45) ± 5.7 | 24.50 (17–29) ± 3.18 | 0.68 | n.s. | ||
LDH [U/L] | 184.35 (147.5–220) ± 14.94 | 179.5 (163–185.1) ± 10.01 | 155.05 (143.6–209.7) ± 12.02 | 0.39 | n.s. | ||
CK [U/L] | 188.15 (129.7–303.1) ± 31.64 | 146 (100.4–216.7) ± 57.18 | 115.35 (106–268.3) ± 26.14 | 0.41 | n.s. | ||
Total protein [g/L] | 72.2 (67.6–72.8) ± 1.33 | 72 (68.2–72.7) ± 1.03 | 70.25 (68.1–72.2) ± 0.75 | 0.57 | n.s. | ||
Albumin [g/L] | 46.00 (44.4–47.3) ± 0.51 | 45.05 (43.7–46.9) ± 0.64 | 44.85 (44–46.2) ± 0.47 | 0.61 | n.s. | ||
Alpha-1-globulin [g/L] | 2.30 (2.2–2.7) ± 0.08 | 2.40 (2.3–2.8) ± 0.1 | 2.70 (2.6–2.7) ± 0.04 | 0.17 | n.s. | ||
Alpha-2-globulin [g/L] | 5.20 (4.9–6) ± 0.29 | 5.00 (4.6–5.3) ± 0.26 | 5.75 (5.2–6.4) ± 0.2 | 0.09 | n.s. | ||
Beta-1-globulin [g/L] | 4.15 (2.5–4.3) ± 0.27 | 4.55 (4.1–4.7) ± 0.16 | 3.95 (3.6–4.2) ± 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.02 * | 0.59 |
Beta-2-globulin [g/L] | 3.30 (2.9–4.4) ± 0.32 | 3.70 (3.3–4.1) ± 0.18 | 3.25 (2.9–3.6) ± 0.18 | 0.18 | n.s. | ||
Gamma-globulin [g/L] | 9.90 (8.8–11.2) ± 0.66 | 11.15 (9.4–12.2) ± 6.84 | 9.10 (8.2–10.8) ± 0.59 | 0.14 | n.s. | ||
A/G | 1.925 (1.58–2.03) ± 0.12 | 1.715 (1.68–1.78) ± 0.04 | 1.815 (1.75–2.02) ± 0.06 | 0.32 | n.s. | ||
IgA [g/L] | 2.40 (1.6–2.7) ± 0.33 | 2.40 (2.2–3) ± 0.21 | 1.90 (1.4–2.2) ± 0.24 | 0.12 | n.s. | ||
IgG [g/L] | 11.15 (10–12.2) ± 0.65 | 11.90 (10.5–12.2) ± 0.49 | 11.25 (9.2–13.9) ± 0.77 | 0.93 | n.s. | ||
IgM [g/L] | 0.80 (0.6–1) ± 0.13 | 0.95 (0.5–1.5) ± 0.16 | 0.80 (0.7–1) ± 0.11 | 0.94 | n.s. | ||
CRP [mg/L] | 0.46 (0.23–0.64) ± 0.3 | 0.93 (0.48–1.08) ± 0.26 | 0.39 (0.28–0.67) ± 0.16 | 0.26 | n.s. |
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Teległów, A.; Mirek, W.; Ptaszek, B.; Maciejczyk, M.; Godawska, D.; Marchewka, J. Blood Morphological and Biochemical Indicator Characteristics in Men Performing Different Physical Activities in the Cold—A Preliminary Report. Life 2024, 14, 474. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040474
Teległów A, Mirek W, Ptaszek B, Maciejczyk M, Godawska D, Marchewka J. Blood Morphological and Biochemical Indicator Characteristics in Men Performing Different Physical Activities in the Cold—A Preliminary Report. Life. 2024; 14(4):474. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040474
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeległów, Aneta, Wacław Mirek, Bartłomiej Ptaszek, Marcin Maciejczyk, Dorota Godawska, and Jakub Marchewka. 2024. "Blood Morphological and Biochemical Indicator Characteristics in Men Performing Different Physical Activities in the Cold—A Preliminary Report" Life 14, no. 4: 474. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040474