Box–Behnken Design for Assessing the Efficiency of Aflatoxin M1 Detoxification in Milk Using Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Media
2.2. Microbial Strains and Culture Conditions
2.3. Collection and Preparation of Milk Samples
2.4. Use of Box–Behnken Design
2.5. Assay of AFM1
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Independent Variables | Levels | ||
---|---|---|---|
Low | Medium | High | |
(X1) LR:SC ratio | 1:1 | 1.5:1 | 2:1 |
(X2) Incubation temperature (°C) | 25 | 37.5 | 50 |
(X3) Incubation time (min.) | 30 | 60 | 90 |
Run | LR:SC Ratio | Temperature (°C) | Time (min) | AFM1 % Reduction (Y) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 37.5 | 90 | 92 |
2 | 1.5 | 37.5 | 60 | 95 |
3 | 1.5 | 25 | 30 | 92 |
4 | 1.5 | 25 | 90 | 93 |
5 | 1 | 37.5 | 90 | 84 |
6 | 2 | 37.5 | 30 | 91 |
7 | 1 | 25 | 60 | 77 |
8 | 1.5 | 50 | 30 | 94 |
9 | 1.5 | 37.5 | 60 | 96 |
10 | 2 | 25 | 60 | 89 |
11 | 1 | 37.5 | 30 | 83 |
12 | 1.5 | 37.5 | 60 | 96 |
13 | 2 | 50 | 60 | 92 |
14 | 1 | 50 | 60 | 87 |
15 | 1.5 | 50 | 90 | 95 |
Factor | Optimized Levels of Factors |
---|---|
LR:SC ratio | 1.6:1 |
Incubation temperature (°C) | 47 |
Incubation time (min) | 79 |
Source | Sum of Squares | df * | Mean Square | F-Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 (LR:SC ratio) | 136.12 | 1 | 136.12 | 62.35 | 0.0005 |
X2 (Temperature) | 36.12 | 1 | 36.12 | 16.55 | 0.0097 |
X3 (Time) | 2.00 | 1 | 2.00 | 0.9160 | 0.3825 |
X1X2 | 12.25 | 1 | 12.25 | 5.61 | 0.0641 |
X1X3 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.0000 |
X2X3 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.0000 |
X1 | 219.39 | 1 | 219.39 | 100.48 | 0.0002 |
X2 | 10.78 | 1 | 10.78 | 4.94 | 0.0770 |
X3 | 0.7756 | 1 | 0.7756 | 0.3553 | 0.5771 |
Model | 410.7 | 9 | 45.63 | 20.90 | 0.0019 |
Factor | Coefficient Estimate | df * | Standard Error | 95% CI * Low | 95% CI High |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 95.7 | 1 | 0.8531 | 93.47 | 97.86 |
X1 (LR:SC ratio) | 4.12 | 1 | 0.5224 | 2.78 | 5.47 |
X2 (Temperature) | 2.12 | 1 | 0.5224 | 0.7821 | 3.47 |
X3 (Time) | 0.50 | 1 | 0.5224 | −0.8429 | 1.84 |
X1X2 | −1.75 | 1 | 0.7388 | −3.65 | 0.1492 |
X1X3 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.7388 | −1.90 | 1.90 |
X2X3 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.7388 | −1.90 | 1.90 |
X12 | −7.71 | 1 | 0.7690 | −9.69 | −5.73 |
X22 | −1.71 | 1 | 0.7690 | −3.69 | 0.2684 |
X32 | −0.46 | 1 | 0.7690 | −2.44 | 1.52 |
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Salem-Bekhit, M.M.; Riad, O.K.M.; Selim, H.M.R.M.; Tohamy, S.T.K.; Taha, E.I.; Al-Suwayeh, S.A.; Shazly, G.A. Box–Behnken Design for Assessing the Efficiency of Aflatoxin M1 Detoxification in Milk Using Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Life 2023, 13, 1667. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13081667
Salem-Bekhit MM, Riad OKM, Selim HMRM, Tohamy STK, Taha EI, Al-Suwayeh SA, Shazly GA. Box–Behnken Design for Assessing the Efficiency of Aflatoxin M1 Detoxification in Milk Using Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Life. 2023; 13(8):1667. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13081667
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalem-Bekhit, Mounir M., Omnia Karem M. Riad, Heba Mohammed Refat M. Selim, Sally Tohamy Kamal Tohamy, Ehab I. Taha, Saleh A. Al-Suwayeh, and Gamal A. Shazly. 2023. "Box–Behnken Design for Assessing the Efficiency of Aflatoxin M1 Detoxification in Milk Using Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae" Life 13, no. 8: 1667. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13081667