The Universally Conserved Unconventional G Protein YchF Is Critical for Growth and Stress Response
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Structure of G Domain among G Proteins
2.1. Structural Characterization of G Domain of G Proteins
2.2. Structural Characterization of G Domain of YchF
2.3. Structural Comparison of G Domains among Selected YchF, Small G Protein, and Heterotrimeric G Protein α-Subunit
3. YchF Is Critical for Growth and Stress Response
3.1. YchF Works as a Conserved Negative Regulator in Response to Oxidative Stress
3.2. YchF Is Crucial for Environmental Stress Response
3.3. YchF Bridges Protein Biosynthesis and Degradation
3.4. YchF Is a Key Molecule in Maintaining Proteostasis
4. OsYchF1/AtYchF1 and Its Activator OsGAP1/AtGAP1 in Plants
5. Conclusions and Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Homolog | Species | Residues | Location | Supportive Reasons/Effects | Functions | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E. coli YchF | Escherichia coli | His114 | A highly flexible loop of G domain | Supporting the flexible loop to reach a catalytically active conformation | Critical for ATPase activity (+) | [15] |
E. coli YchF | Escherichia coli | Cys35 | G2 motif | Allows YchF dimerization via a disulfide bridge | Critical for ATPase activity (−) | [16] |
E. coli YchF | Escherichia coli | Lys78 (Arg) | G domain | YchF-K78A mutant shows similar hydrolysis activities in presence of Na+ or K+, but K78R mutant retained potassium specific stimulation of ATPase activity | Plays a key role in determining the potassium dependent ATPase activity | [17] |
hOLA1 | Homo sapiens | Leu96 | G domain (next to G3 motif) | A conserved Gln residue involved in GTP hydrolysis in Ras-like GTPases has been replaced | Inactivates Ras-like GTPases | [14] |
E. coli YchF | Escherichia coli | Ser16 (Ser36 in H. sapiens) | G1 motif | Ser16 phosphorylated when H2O2 absence; Dissociation of KatG | Supports the ATPase activity; Detoxifies H2O2 | [14,18] |
E. coli YchF | Escherichia coli | Leu76 | G3 motif | Hallmark for HAS-NTPase | Slightly affects ATPase activity (+) | [15] |
hOLA1 | Homo sapiens | Thr37 | G domain | The main chain amide of Thr37 contacts the α-phosphate of AMPPCP | Supports the ATPase activity | [14] |
hOLA1 | Homo sapiens | Ser36/Val33 | G1 motif | The main chain amide of Ser36 and Val33 contacts the β-phosphate of AMPPCP | Supports the ATPase activity | [14] |
hOLA1 | Homo sapiens | Asn32 | G1 motif | The main chain amide of Asn32 forms a hydrogen bond to the γ-phosphate of AMPPCP | Supports the ATPase activity | [14] |
hOLA1 | Homo sapiens | Asn230 | G4 motif | Its mutation to alanine abolished nucleotide binding | Contribute to nucleotide binding | [14] |
hOLA1 | Homo sapiens | Leu231 | G4 motif | Specificity for adenine binding is based on the interaction between the adenine N-6 group and Leu231 main chain CO in G4 motif | Make YchF preference for ATP rather than GTP | [14] |
hOLA1 | Homo sapiens | Ser310 | TGS domain | The H-bond between Ser310 Oγ and the exocyclic N-6 of an adenine is formed in a position similar to the ppGpp O-6 | Make YchF preference for ATP rather than GTP | [14] |
hOLA1 | Homo sapiens | Phe127 | Coiled-coil domain | Mutating this residue to Ala diminishes ATP binding drastically | Contribute to base recognition | [14] |
AtYchF1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Glu345 | TGS domain | Conserved and solvent-exposed | Most critical for its interaction with the regulator, GAP1 | [19] |
Homolog | Organism | Interactive Factors | Effects | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
OsYchF1 | Oryza sativa | OsGAP1 | Activating OsYchF1 GTPase and ATPase activity | [2,19,21,22] |
AtYchF1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | AtGAP1 | Activating AtYchF1 GTPase and ATPase activity | [2,19,21,22] |
AtYchF1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | ppGpp | AtYchF1 might be a critical regulator in controlling the cytosolic ppGpp-mediated growth inhibition in plants | [23] |
E. coli YchF | Escherichia coli | 30S ribosome, 70S ribosome | The 70S ribosome act as an ATPase activating factor (AAF) to stimulate YchF’s ATPase activity | [17,24] |
E. coli YchF | Escherichia coli | tRNA | YchF interacts with the 3′-CCA end of tRNA through its TGS-domain, indicating that YchF is involved in protein synthesis | [25] |
T. cruzi YchF | Trypanosoma cruzi | 26S Proteasome | T. cruzi YchF co-immunoprecipitates with a regulatory subunit of the T. cruzi proteasome, involving in protein degradation | [26,27] |
E. coli YchF | Escherichia coli | KatG | YchF interacts with KatG and inhibit its catalase activity, revealing that YchF regulates the oxidative stress response | [16] |
S. cerevisiae YchF | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 (eEF1) | Supporting a role for YchF during translation | [28,29] |
E. coli YchF | Escherichia coli | Translation initiation factor 3 (IF3) | YchF enhances the anti-association activity of IF3, stimulates the translation of leaderless mRNAs | [30] |
E. coli YchF | Escherichia coli | Thioredoxin 1 (TrxA) | YchF dimer is dissociated by TrxA, which stimulates the ATPase activity | [16] |
hOLA1 | Homo sapiens | Eukaryotic elongation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) | hOLA1 effectively blocks the formation of TC (ternary complex) through its intrinsic GTPase activity, leading eIF2 unable to deliver Met-tRNAiMet to the 40S ribosome to initiate translation | [31] |
hOLA1 | Homo sapiens | Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) | OLA1 can interfere with the binding and function of the E3 ligase CHIP to HSP70, leading to the stabilization of HSP70, and response to heat shock | [32] |
hOLA1 | Homo sapiens | Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) | OLA1 deficiency can enhance CHIP affinity for HSP70-SOD2 complexes, facilitating SOD2 degradation, supporting OLA1 plays a role in response to mitochondrial oxidative stress | [33] |
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Lin, Z.; Li, R.; Han, Z.; Liu, Y.; Gao, L.; Huang, S.; Miao, Y.; Miao, R. The Universally Conserved Unconventional G Protein YchF Is Critical for Growth and Stress Response. Life 2023, 13, 1058. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13041058
Lin Z, Li R, Han Z, Liu Y, Gao L, Huang S, Miao Y, Miao R. The Universally Conserved Unconventional G Protein YchF Is Critical for Growth and Stress Response. Life. 2023; 13(4):1058. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13041058
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Zhaoheng, Rongfang Li, Zhiwei Han, Yi Liu, Liyang Gao, Suchang Huang, Ying Miao, and Rui Miao. 2023. "The Universally Conserved Unconventional G Protein YchF Is Critical for Growth and Stress Response" Life 13, no. 4: 1058. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13041058