The Effects of Persistent Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions on Quality of Life in Long-COVID-19 Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Symptom | During Acute COVID-19 Infection n (%) | >6 Months Post-Acute COVID-19 Infection n (%) |
---|---|---|
Fever | 280 (65%) | 3 (0.7%) |
Muscle pain | 287 (66.6%) | 83 (19.3%) |
Joint pain | 244 (56.6%) | 76 (17.6%) |
Cough | 215 (49.9%) | 16 (3.7%) |
Fatigue | 325 (75.4%) | 185 (42.9%) |
Headache | 285 (66.1%) | 65 (15.1%) |
Gastrointestinal symptoms | 169 (39.2%) | 32 (7.4%) |
Olfactory dysfunction | 306 (71%) | 127 (29.5%) |
Gustatory dysfunction | 276 (64%) | 96 (22.3%) |
Dyspnea | 120 (27.8%) | 46 (10.7%) |
Nasal obstruction | 155 (36%) | 19 (4.4%) |
Conjunctivitis | 44 (10.2%) | 12 (2.5%) |
No symptom | 10 (2.3%) | 110 (25.5%) |
During Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection n (%) | >6 Months Post-Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection n (%) | |
---|---|---|
Olfactory dysfunction | ||
Anosmia | 238 (55.2%) | 18 (4.2%) |
Hyposmia | 68 (15.8%) | 109 (25.2%) |
Normal | 125 (29%) | 304 (70.5%) |
Parosmia | 41 (9.5%) | 96 (22.3%) |
Phantosmia | 15 (3.5%) | 28 (6.5%) |
VAS self-assessment (0–10, mean ± SD) | 3.6 ± 4.2 | 7.8 ± 3 |
Gustatory dysfunction | ||
Ageusia | 198 (46%) | 12 (2.8%) |
Hypogeusia | 78 (18.1%) | 84 (19.5%) |
Normal | 155 (36%) | 335 (77.7%) |
Dysgeusia | 53 (12.3%) | 90 (20.9%) |
VAS self-assessment (0–10, mean ± SD) | 4.3 ± 4.2 | 8.3 ± 2.8 |
Symptom Persisting at >6 Months Post-Acute COVID-19 Diagnosis | Absent (Median (IQR)) | Present (Median (IQR)) | Mann–Whitney p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Muscle pain | |||
PCS | 55.1 (49.7–60.3) | 37.8 (25.2–48.5) | <0.001 |
MCS | 47.1 (41.3–53.2) | 47.1 (40.9–52.6) | 0.331 |
Joint pain | |||
PCS | 55.3 (49.6–60.4) | 37.6 (25.2–47.4) | <0.001 |
MCS | 47.2 (41.3–52.9) | 47.1 (41–53.6) | 0.762 |
Fatigue | |||
PCS | 57.1 (52.5–61.1) | 46.3 (34.9–53.2) | <0.001 |
MCS | 47.6 (41.8–53.3) | 46.3 (39.8–52.5) | 0.048 |
Headache | |||
PCS | 54.6 (47.6–60.1) | 46.1 (34.7–52.6) | <0.001 |
MCS | 47.2 (41.5–53) | 46 (39.3–53.9) | 0.554 |
Gastrointestinal disorders | |||
PCS | 53.7 (46.5–59.8) | 46.5 (28.2–53.2) | <0.001 |
MCS | 47.2 (41.4–53.1) | 45.7 (40.8–52.8) | 0.429 |
Olfactory dysfunction | |||
PCS | 53.4 (46.5–59.4) | 52.5 (42.4–59.1) | 0.207 |
MCS | 49.6 (44.2–54.2) | 41 (33.9–46.3) | <0.001 |
Gustatory dysfunction | |||
PCS | 53.4 (46.4–59.6) | 52.9 (42.5–58.5) | 0.282 |
MCS | 48.8 (43.7–54.1) | 39.1 (33–44.2) | <0.001 |
Dyspnea | |||
PCS | 53.9 (47.6–59.9) | 39.9 (29.3–51.8) | <0.001 |
MCS | 47.8 (42.1–53.4) | 38.2 (33.6–44.6) | <0.001 |
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Vaira, L.A.; Gessa, C.; Deiana, G.; Salzano, G.; Maglitto, F.; Lechien, J.R.; Saussez, S.; Piombino, P.; Biglio, A.; Biglioli, F.; et al. The Effects of Persistent Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions on Quality of Life in Long-COVID-19 Patients. Life 2022, 12, 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12020141
Vaira LA, Gessa C, Deiana G, Salzano G, Maglitto F, Lechien JR, Saussez S, Piombino P, Biglio A, Biglioli F, et al. The Effects of Persistent Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions on Quality of Life in Long-COVID-19 Patients. Life. 2022; 12(2):141. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12020141
Chicago/Turabian StyleVaira, Luigi Angelo, Claudia Gessa, Giovanna Deiana, Giovanni Salzano, Fabio Maglitto, Jerome R. Lechien, Sven Saussez, Pasquale Piombino, Andrea Biglio, Federico Biglioli, and et al. 2022. "The Effects of Persistent Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions on Quality of Life in Long-COVID-19 Patients" Life 12, no. 2: 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12020141