In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts against Some Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Raw and Processed Meat
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Collection of Meat Samples
2.2. Isolation and Identification of Some Bacterial Species in the Meat Samples
2.3. Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activities of the Medicinal Plants against the Bacteria Isolated from Meat Samples by Well-Diffusion Technique
2.4. Assessment of the Impact of Essential Oil and Spices Powder on the Microbial Count in Tested Meat Samples
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Isolation and Identification of Some Bacterial Species in the Meat Samples
3.2. Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oils and Spices Powder of the Medicinal Plants against the Isolates by Well-Diffusion Assays Technique
3.3. Assessment of the Impact of Essential Oil and Spices Powder on the Microbial Count in Tested Meat Samples
3.3.1. Impact of Essential Oil and Spices Powder on the S. aureus Bacterial Count in Tested Meat Samples
3.3.2. Impact of Essential Oil and Spices Powder on the E. coli O157: H7 Bacterial Count in Tested Meat Samples
3.3.3. Impact of Essential Oil and Spices Powder on the K. pneumonia Bacterial Count in Tested Meat Samples
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Food Samples (Number) | Frequency of S. aureus (Number, %) | Frequency of E. coli O157:H7 (Number, %) | Frequency of K. pneumonia (Number, %) |
---|---|---|---|
Fresh veal meat (6) | 2 (33.3%) | 3 (50%) | 1 (16.7%) |
Fresh chicken meat (6) | 3 (50%) | 3 (50%) | 2 (33.3%) |
Fresh mutton meat (3) | 00 (0.0%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Beef luncheon (12) | 7 (58.4%) | 6 (50%) | 4 (33.3%) |
Chicken luncheon (12) | 7 (58.4%) | 6 (50%) | 5 (41.7%) |
Ground beef (12) | 8 (66.7%) | 4 (33.4%) | 1 (8.4%) |
Basterma (6) | 3 (50%) | 3 (50%) | 1 (16.7%) |
Beef burger (3) | 3 (100%) | 3 (100%) | 1 (33.3%) |
Total (60) | 33 (55%) | 30 (50%) | 15 (25%) |
Isolates | Name of Closely Associated Strain | Identity % | Gene Bank Accession Number of the Closely Associated Strain |
---|---|---|---|
Azhar1 | Staphylococcus aureus subsp. Aureus str. Newbould 305 | 100% | EJE55184.1 |
Azhar2 | Klebsiella pneumoniae strain F16KP0070 | 100% | CP052585.1 |
Azhar3 | Escherichia coli strain SCU-176 | 99.76% | CP054345.1 |
Treatments | Storage Periods (Days) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | Mean ± S.D | p Value | |
Control | 4.339 | 4.333 | 4.368 | 4.415 | 4.399 | 4.464 | 4.386 ± 0.04987 | - |
Cumin oil 0.25% | 4.269 | 4.049 | 3.909 | 3.613 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.640 ± 2.056 | 0.0048 |
Cumin oil 0.50% | 4.218 | 3.992 | 3.827 | 3.545 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.597 ± 2.024 | 0.0028 |
Black seeds oil 0.25% | 4.236 | 4.359 | 4.013 | 3.478 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.681 ± 2.099 | 0.0100 |
Black seeds oil 0.50% | 4.046 | 3.852 | 3.177 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.846 ± 2.042 | 0.0002 |
Cloves oil 0.25% | 4.179 | 3.978 | 3.881 | 3.725 | 3.323 | 0.00 | 3.181 ± 1.585 | 0.0062 |
Cloves oil 0.50% | 4.159 | 3.959 | 3.741 | 3.398 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.543 ± 1.986 | 0.0016 |
Cinnamon oil 0.25% | 4.189 | 4.083 | 3.819 | 3.279 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.562 ± 2.009 | 0.0023 |
Cinnamon oil 0.50% | 4.284 | 4.268 | 3.654 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.034 ± 2.240 | 0.0022 |
Marjoram oil 0.25% | 4.207 | 4.121 | 3.919 | 3.624 | 3.042 | 0.00 | 3.152 ± 1.601 | 0.0078 |
Marjoram oil 0.50% | 4.251 | 3.914 | 3.663 | 3.398 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.538 ± 1.986 | 0.0018 |
Treatments | Storage Periods (Days) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | Mean ± S.D | p Value | |
Control | 4.358 | 4.325 | 4.419 | 4.454 | 4.469 | 4.493 | 4.420 ± 0.06596 | - |
Cumin 0.50% | 4.284 | 4.291 | 3.786 | 3.492 | 3.042 | 0.00 | 3.149 ± 1.615 | 0.0086 |
Cumin 1.0% | 4.233 | 4.046 | 3.887 | 3.613 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.630 ± 2.047 | 0.0033 |
Black seeds 0.50% | 4.188 | 4.018 | 3.839 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.008 ± 2.202 | 0.0010 |
Black seeds 1.0% | 4.179 | 3.992 | 3.741 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.985 ± 2.179 | 0.0007 |
Cloves 0.50% | 4.182 | 4.049 | 3.833 | 3.613 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.613 ± 2.033 | 0.0023 |
Cloves 1.0% | 4.124 | 3.978 | 3.691 | 3.079 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.479 ± 1.953 | 0.0008 |
Cinnamon 0.50% | 4.188 | 4.124 | 3.858 | 3.673 | 3.492 | 0.00 | 3.223 ± 1.601 | 0.0074 |
Cinnamon 1.0% | 4.144 | 4.104 | 3.756 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.001 ± 2.196 | 0.0008 |
Marjoram 0.50% | 4.218 | 4.124 | 3.978 | 3.699 | 2.699 | 0.00 | 3.120 ± 1.625 | 0.0083 |
Marjoram 1.0% | 4.144 | 4.076 | 3.864 | 3.613 | 3.463 | 0.00 | 3.193 ± 1.586 | 0.0047 |
Treatments | Storage Periods (Days) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | Mean ± S.D | p Value | |
Control | 4.325 | 4.308 | 4.345 | 4.373 | 4.405 | 4.461 | 4.370 ± 0.0565 | - |
Cumin oil 0.25% | 4.277 | 4.177 | 4.049 | 3.949 | 3.492 | 0.00 | 3.324 ± 1.651 | 0.0111 |
Cumin oil 0.5% | 4.265 | 4.159 | 4.083 | 3.839 | 3.343 | 0.00 | 3.282 ± 1.641 | 0.0078 |
Black seeds oil 0.25% | 4.239 | 4.065 | 3.959 | 3.858 | 3.114 | 0.00 | 3.206 ± 1.618 | 0.0029 |
Black seeds oil 0.5% | 4.209 | 3.949 | 3.733 | 3.079 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.495 ± 1.969 | 0.0003 |
Cloves oil 0.25% | 4.241 | 4.072 | 3.929 | 3.623 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.644 ± 2.058 | 0.0013 |
Cloves oil 0.5% | 4.162 | 4.118 | 3.978 | 3.506 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.627 ± 2.048 | 0.0015 |
Cinnamon oil 0.25% | 4.228 | 4.156 | 4.46 | 3.959 | 3.624 | 0.00 | 3.405 ± 1.691 | 0.0272 |
Cinnamon oil 0.5% | 4.046 | 4.083 | 3.869 | 2.955 | 2.612 | 0.00 | 2.928 ± 1.558 | 0.0004 |
Marjoram oil 0.25% | 4.223 | 4.089 | 4.005 | 3.945 | 3.869 | 3.279 | 3.902 ± 0.3285 | 0.0132 |
Marjoram oil 0.5% | 4.258 | 4.061 | 3.987 | 3.89 | 3.771 | 3.415 | 3.897 ± 0.2876 | 0.0104 |
Treatments | Storage Periods (Days) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | Mean ± S.D | p Value | |
Control | 4.349 | 4.359 | 4.377 | 4.417 | 4.405 | 4.455 | 4.394 ± 0.03977 | - |
Cumin 0.5% | 4.282 | 4.228 | 4.083 | 3.964 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.760 ± 2.140 | 0.0068 |
Cumin 1.0% | 4.277 | 4.185 | 3.323 | 2.584 | 1.688 | 0.00 | 2.676 ± 1.637 | 0.0014 |
Black seeds 0.5% | 4.258 | 4.111 | 4.057 | 3.876 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.717 ± 2.108 | 0.0031 |
Black seeds 1.0% | 4.236 | 3.983 | 3.799 | 3.323 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.557 ± 2.003 | 0.0004 |
Cloves 0.5% | 4.261 | 4.087 | 3.959 | 3.699 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.668 ± 2.074 | 0.0016 |
Cloves 1.0% | 4.191 | 4.124 | 4.005 | 3.557 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.646 ± 2.062 | 0.0017 |
Cinnamon 0.5% | 4.083 | 4.101 | 3.909 | 3.343 | 3.079 | 0.00 | 3.086 ± 1.568 | 0.0011 |
Cinnamon 1.0% | 4.239 | 4.162 | 4.083 | 4.026 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.752 ± 2.133 | 0.0056 |
Marjoram 0.5% | 4.233 | 4.111 | 4.046 | 3.987 | 3.819 | 3.323 | 3.920 ± 0.3229 | 0.0140 |
Marjoram 1.0% | 4.275 | 4.079 | 4.038 | 3.909 | 3.725 | 0.00 | 3.338 ± 1.645 | 0.0055 |
Treatments | Storage Periods (Days) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | Mean ± S.D | p Value | |
Control | 4.297 | 4.347 | 4.364 | 4.435 | 4.452 | 4.479 | 4.396 ± 0.07039 | - |
Cumin oil 0.25% | 4.239 | 3.992 | 3.807 | 3.463 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.584 ± 2.017 | 0.0036 |
Cumin oil 0.5% | 4.188 | 3.939 | 3.613 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.957 ± 2.151 | 0.0010 |
Black seeds oil 0.25% | 4.221 | 4.076 | 3.929 | 3.579 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.634 ± 2.052 | 0.0050 |
Black seeds oil 0.5% | 4.076 | 3.819 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.316 ± 2.040 | 0.0002 |
Cloves oil 0.25% | 4.185 | 4.087 | 3.813 | 3.613 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.616 ± 2.037 | 0.0047 |
Cloves oil 0.5% | 4.177 | 3.644 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.304 ± 2.026 | 0.0002 |
Cinnamon oil 0.25% | 4.228 | 4.153 | 4.079 | 3.749 | 3.398 | 0.00 | 3.268 ± 1.630 | 0.0212 |
Cinnamon oil 0.5% | 4.149 | 3.929 | 3.624 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.950 ± 2.143 | 0.0008 |
Marjoram oil 0.25% | 4.291 | 4.244 | 3.978 | 3.708 | 3.519 | 0.00 | 3.290 ± 1.639 | 0.0281 |
Marjoram oil 0.5% | 4.144 | 3.869 | 3.557 | 3.177 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.458 ± 1.931 | 0.0011 |
Treatments | Storage Periods (Days) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | Mean ± S.D | p Value | |
Control | 4.299 | 4.343 | 4.358 | 4.409 | 4.437 | 4.455 | 4.384 ± 0.06009 | - |
Cumin 0.5% | 4.246 | 4.009 | 3.852 | 3.519 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.604 ± 2.031 | 0.0027 |
Cumin 1.0% | 4.207 | 3.969 | 3.741 | 3.415 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.555 ± 1.997 | 0.0017 |
Black seeds 0.5% | 4.231 | 4.345 | 3.959 | 3.644 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.697 ± 2.103 | 0.0088 |
Black seeds 1.0% | 4.087 | 3.852 | 3.302 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.874 ± 2.068 | 0.0002 |
Cloves 0.5% | 4.207 | 4.114 | 3.864 | 3.741 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.654 ± 2.063 | 0.0044 |
Cloves 1.0% | 4.202 | 3.749 | 3.569 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.920 ± 2.113 | 0.0003 |
Cinnamon 0.5% | 4.248 | 4.194 | 4.118 | 3.852 | 3.592 | 0.00 | 3.334 ± 1.652 | 0.0233 |
Cinnamon 1.0% | 4.177 | 3.964 | 3.733 | 3.177 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.509 ± 1.971 | 0.0011 |
Marjoram 0.5% | 4.297 | 4.262 | 4.038 | 3.819 | 3.624 | 0.00 | 3.340 ± 1.656 | 0.0284 |
Marjoram 1.0% | 4.156 | 3.909 | 3.654 | 3.398 | 3.042 | 0.00 | 3.027 ± 1.533 | 0.0016 |
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Meshaal, A.K.; Hetta, H.F.; Yahia, R.; Abualnaja, K.M.; Mansour, A.T.; Al-Kadmy, I.M.S.; Alghamdi, S.; Dablool, A.S.; Emran, T.B.; Sedky, H.; et al. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts against Some Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Raw and Processed Meat. Life 2021, 11, 1178. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11111178
Meshaal AK, Hetta HF, Yahia R, Abualnaja KM, Mansour AT, Al-Kadmy IMS, Alghamdi S, Dablool AS, Emran TB, Sedky H, et al. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts against Some Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Raw and Processed Meat. Life. 2021; 11(11):1178. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11111178
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeshaal, Ahmed Kh., Helal F. Hetta, Ramadan Yahia, Khamael M. Abualnaja, Abdallah Tageldein Mansour, Israa M. S. Al-Kadmy, Saad Alghamdi, Anas S. Dablool, Talha Bin Emran, Haitham Sedky, and et al. 2021. "In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts against Some Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Raw and Processed Meat" Life 11, no. 11: 1178. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11111178