Mid-Infrared Spectroscopic Assessment of Plasticity Characteristics of Clay Soils
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Samples
2.2. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis
2.3. FT-MIR Spectroscopic Analysis
2.4. Plasticity Measurements
3. Results
3.1. Mineralogical Compositions
3.2. ATR FT-MIR Data
4. Discussion.
4.1. Comparison of the Spectral Behavior of Kaolinite and a Polymineral Sample
- The value PL (WP) for analyzed samples corresponds to the minimum of wavenumber in the range of moistures 0%–40% for kaolinite, and 0%–25% for polymineral soil;
- A characteristic slope-change position of the curve for sample M1 observed above LL (WL) agrees with the LL (WL) values obtained by standard methods. In the case of polymineral soil (M6) there are two characteristic slope changes coming from consecutive plastic-to-liquid transitions of soil components; the LL (WL) obtained with standard methods are between them;
- The form of the valley in the Si–O—moisture content curve is broader in a polymineral system comparing to a monomineral system. So the FTIR spectroscopy technique provides some measure of the complexity of the soil’s mineralogy.
4.2. Spectral Behavior of Kaolinite—Polymineral Sample Mixture
4.3. Influence of the Smectite Concentration on the Spectral Behavior of Polymineral Soil Samples
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Number | Non-Clay Minerals (wt %) | Σ Non-Clay Minerals (wt %) | Clay Minerals (wt %) | Σ Clay Minerals (wt %) | Plasticity Characteristics | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quartz | Feldspar | Albite | Calcite | Dolomite | Clinoptilolite | Kaolinite | Illite | Illite–Smectite MLM | Smectite | Kaolinite–Smectite MLM | WP/PL (wt %) | WL/LL (wt %) | |||
M1 * | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 97 | - | - | - | - | 97 | 26.0/28.6 | 46.3/47.7 |
M2 | 31 | - | 7 | 1 | trace | - | 39 | 7 | 20 | 17 | 5 | 12 | 61 | 17.8 | 61.4 |
M3 | 18 | 3 | 2 | 7 | - | - | 30 | 20 | 8 | - | 42 | - | 70 | 23.9 | 81.5 |
M4 | 4 | - | 3 | 80 | - | - | 87 | - | 3 | - | 10 | - | 13 | 16.1 | 33.6 |
M5 | 48 | 2 | 5 | - | 2 | - | 57 | 8 | 10 | 20 | 5 | - | 43 | 16.1 | 33.4 |
M6 * | 35 | 2 | 3 | - | - | 25 | 65 | 4 | 9 | - | 22 | - | 35 | 17.0/21.5 | 32.2/35.6 |
M7 | 19 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 12 | 33 | 51 | 5 | - | 11 | - | 67 | - | - |
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Kasprzhitskii, A.; Lazorenko, G.; Khater, A.; Yavna, V. Mid-Infrared Spectroscopic Assessment of Plasticity Characteristics of Clay Soils. Minerals 2018, 8, 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8050184
Kasprzhitskii A, Lazorenko G, Khater A, Yavna V. Mid-Infrared Spectroscopic Assessment of Plasticity Characteristics of Clay Soils. Minerals. 2018; 8(5):184. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8050184
Chicago/Turabian StyleKasprzhitskii, Anton, Georgy Lazorenko, Antoine Khater, and Victor Yavna. 2018. "Mid-Infrared Spectroscopic Assessment of Plasticity Characteristics of Clay Soils" Minerals 8, no. 5: 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8050184