Investigation of Enhanced Leaching of Lithium from α-Spodumene Using Hydrofluoric and Sulfuric Acid
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials and Reagents
2.2. Experimental Procedures
2.3. Analytical Methods and Charaterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Chemical Analysis and Characterization of Ore Samples
3.2. Thermodynamic Analysis
3.3 Investigation of Dissolution Conditions
3.3.1. Effect of HF/Ore Ratio
3.3.2. Effect of Dissolution Temperature
3.3.3. Effects of H2SO4/Ore Ratio
3.3.4. Effects of Dissolution Time
3.4. Dissolution Kinetics
3.5. Characterization of Solids
3.5.1. XRD Analyses
3.5.2. XPS Analyses
3.5.3. SEM-EDX Analyses
3.5.4. TG-DSC Analyses
3.6. Chemical Analysis under Optimal Conditions
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
symbol | phase |
● | α-Spodumene, LiAlSi2O6, JCPDS 33-0786 |
◇ | Albite, NaAlSi3O8, JCPDS 09-0466 |
○ | Quartz, SiO2, JCPDS 65-0466 |
★ | Cryolithionite, Na3Li3Al2F12, JCPDS 22-0416 |
▽ | Cryolite, Na3AlF6, JCPDS 82-0216 |
√ | K2AlF5, JCPDS 52-0735 |
□ | AlF3, JCPDS 44-0231 |
☆ | KNaSiF6, JCPDS 43-1313 |
◎ | Na2SiF6, JCPDS 72-1115 |
◆ | CaF2, JCPDS 48-9812 |
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Element | Si | Al | Li | O | Na | K | Ca | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Content, wt % | 32.63 | 11.43 | 2.56 | 41.04 | 0.35 | 0.68 | 0.45 | 0.54 |
T, °C | ∆H°, kJ | ∆S°, J/K | ∆G°, kJ |
---|---|---|---|
0 | −572.534 | 715.044 | −767.848 |
25 | −547.462 | 802.860 | −786.835 |
50 | −521.889 | 885.214 | −807.946 |
75 | −495.764 | 963.072 | −831.058 |
100 | −468.996 | 1037.314 | −856.069 |
125 | −441.461 | 1108.725 | −882.900 |
Element | Residues, wt % | Lixivium | |
---|---|---|---|
Concentration, g/L * | Leaching Efficiency a, % | ||
Si | 20.32 | ||
Al | 15.39 | 7.83 | 89 |
Li | 1.51 | 96 | |
O | 23.82 | ||
Na | 0.12 | 0.21 | 91 |
K | 0.36 | 0.58 | 95 |
Ca | 0.19 |
Ore Sample | Lixivium | Residues | |
---|---|---|---|
Lithium content, g | 0.2566 | 0.2214 | 0.0319 |
Deviation, % | 1.3% |
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Guo, H.; Kuang, G.; Wang, H.; Yu, H.; Zhao, X. Investigation of Enhanced Leaching of Lithium from α-Spodumene Using Hydrofluoric and Sulfuric Acid. Minerals 2017, 7, 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/min7110205
Guo H, Kuang G, Wang H, Yu H, Zhao X. Investigation of Enhanced Leaching of Lithium from α-Spodumene Using Hydrofluoric and Sulfuric Acid. Minerals. 2017; 7(11):205. https://doi.org/10.3390/min7110205
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Hui, Ge Kuang, Haidong Wang, Haizhao Yu, and Xiaokang Zhao. 2017. "Investigation of Enhanced Leaching of Lithium from α-Spodumene Using Hydrofluoric and Sulfuric Acid" Minerals 7, no. 11: 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/min7110205