Preparation and Evaluation of Ammonium Adipate Solutions as Inhibitors of Shale Rock Swelling
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Reagents
2.2. Synthesis of AASs
2.3. Inhibitive Ability Evaluation
2.4. Performance in Drilling Fluid
2.5. Laser Particle Size Distribution Analysis
2.6. TGA
2.7. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of the Types of Inhibitors
3.2. Swelling Inhibition
3.3. Performance of AAS-8 in Water-Based Drilling Fluids
3.4. Laser Particle Size Distribution Analysis
3.5. TGA
3.6. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis
3.7. Mechanism Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Materials | Ratio of Acid Group to Amine Group | Names | Swelling Rate/% (180 min) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Water | - | - | 72.92 | |
KCl | 1.0% | - | 60.44 | |
Adipic acid | Diethylenetriamine | 1:1 | AAS-1 | 63.63 |
1:2 | AAS-2 | 56.35 | ||
1:3 | AAS-3 | 65.63 | ||
Triethylenetetramine | 1:1 | AAS-4 | 63.38 | |
1:2 | AAS-5 | 61.80 | ||
1:3 | AAS-6 | 68.72 | ||
Tetraethylenepentamine | 1:1 | AAS-7 | 61.20 | |
1:2 | AAS-8 | 59.61 | ||
1:3 | AAS-9 | 60.28 |
Drilling Fluid | AV mPa·s | PV mPa·s | YP /Pa | YP/PV Pa/mPa·s | ρ g/cm3 | FL /mL | μ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base drilling fluid | 4.95 | 2.8 | 2.1973 | 0.7848 | 1.008 | 13.7 | 0.0524 |
0.1% AAS-8 | 7.10 | 3.4 | 3.7814 | 1.1122 | 1.016 | 16.2 | 0.0524 |
0.3% CMC | 4.90 | 2.8 | 2.1462 | 0.7665 | 1.018 | 11.0 | 0.0875 |
0.1% AAS-8 + 0.3% CMC | 8.40 | 3.8 | 4.7012 | 1.2372 | 1.020 | 12.3 | 0.0437 |
0.1% PAM | 8.00 | 4.2 | 3.8836 | 0.9247 | 1.022 | 12.0 | 0.0699 |
0.1% AAS-8 + 0.1% PAM | 11.70 | 5.0 | 6.8474 | 1.3695 | 1.020 | 19.0 | 0.0437 |
0.3% Modified starch | 6.00 | 4.0 | 2.0440 | 0.5110 | 1.022 | 7.5 | 0.0699 |
0.1% AAS-8 + 0.3% modified starch | 9.60 | 4.4 | 5.3144 | 1.2078 | 1.025 | 6.4 | 0.0699 |
Content | Mean (µm) | Median (µm) |
---|---|---|
Unhydrated | 33.26 | 26.65 |
Hydrated | 11.06 | 7.64 |
Unhydrated + 0.1% AAS-8 | 28.58 | 24.48 |
Hydrated + 0.1% AAS-8 | 27.99 | 22.56 |
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Xian, S.; Chen, S.; Lian, Y.; Du, W.; Song, Z.; Chen, G. Preparation and Evaluation of Ammonium Adipate Solutions as Inhibitors of Shale Rock Swelling. Minerals 2021, 11, 1013. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11091013
Xian S, Chen S, Lian Y, Du W, Song Z, Chen G. Preparation and Evaluation of Ammonium Adipate Solutions as Inhibitors of Shale Rock Swelling. Minerals. 2021; 11(9):1013. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11091013
Chicago/Turabian StyleXian, Sirong, Shijun Chen, Yubo Lian, Weichao Du, Zhifei Song, and Gang Chen. 2021. "Preparation and Evaluation of Ammonium Adipate Solutions as Inhibitors of Shale Rock Swelling" Minerals 11, no. 9: 1013. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11091013