Evidence for Early European Neolithic Dog Dispersal: New Data on Southeastern European Subfossil Dogs from the Prehistoric and Antiquity Ages
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Ancient Dog Populations from Europe
1.2. Balkan Neolithic and Chalcolithic Periods: Specifics of Human Societies and Understanding of Early European Farmer Migration Routes from the Near East
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Archeological Sample Collection
2.2. Ancient DNA Isolation
2.3. PCR Amplification and Sequencing
2.4. Phylogenetic Reconstruction
3. Results
3.1. Phylogenetic Analysis and Haplogroup Classification
3.2. Comparative Analyses of Ancient Dog Haplotypes and Bulgarian Samples
3.3. Comparative Analysis Among Ancient and Recent Balkan Dogs as well as Recent Gray Wolf Haplotype Distribution
4. Discussion
4.1. Clade A: Specific for Neolithic Southern Europe (the Mediterranean Region)
4.2. Clade B: The Possibility of a Southeastern European (Balkans) Origin of Dogs from Local Wolf Predecessors
4.3. Population Structure of Ancient Dogs from the Neolithic Period
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yankova, I.; Marinov, M.; Neov, B.; Petrova, M.; Spassov, N.; Hristov, P.; Radoslavov, G. Evidence for Early European Neolithic Dog Dispersal: New Data on Southeastern European Subfossil Dogs from the Prehistoric and Antiquity Ages. Genes 2019, 10, 757. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10100757
Yankova I, Marinov M, Neov B, Petrova M, Spassov N, Hristov P, Radoslavov G. Evidence for Early European Neolithic Dog Dispersal: New Data on Southeastern European Subfossil Dogs from the Prehistoric and Antiquity Ages. Genes. 2019; 10(10):757. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10100757
Chicago/Turabian StyleYankova, Iskra, Miroslav Marinov, Boyko Neov, Maria Petrova, Nikolai Spassov, Peter Hristov, and Georgi Radoslavov. 2019. "Evidence for Early European Neolithic Dog Dispersal: New Data on Southeastern European Subfossil Dogs from the Prehistoric and Antiquity Ages" Genes 10, no. 10: 757. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10100757