Amending Subsoil with Composted Poultry Litter-I: Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Soil Physical Properties
2.1.1. Total Water Content and Soil Organic Matter
2.1.2. Available Water Capacity and Soil Bulk Density
2.2. Soil Chemical Properties
Treatment (cm-compost/cm-soil) | P | K | Ca | Mg |
---|---|---|---|---|
Seeded | ||||
--------- ppm ----------- | ||||
Compost (0.1) | 0.227 a* | 1.306 ab | 4.879 bc | 0.620 b |
Compost (0.2) | 0.232 a | 1.915 a | 7.606 b | 0.919 b |
Compost (0.4) | 0.241 a | 2.337 a | 9.087 a | 1.671 a |
Fertilizer (0.0) | 0.110 b | 1.28 b | 2.661 bcd | 0.255 bc |
Control (0.0) | 0.101 b | 0.245 b | 2.708 bcd | 0.288 bc |
Sodded | ||||
--------- ppm ----------- | ||||
Compost (0.1) | 0.227 a | 0.738 b | 4.442 b | 0.581 bc |
Compost (0.2) | 0.237 a | 1.236 b | 7.044 a | 0.946 b |
Compost (0.4) | 0.240 a | 2.291 a | 7.929 a | 1.530 a |
Fertilizer (0.0) | 0.091 b | 0.158 bc | 2.156 bc | 0.264 bcd |
Control (0.0) | 0.055 bc | .259 bc | 2.266 bc | 0.250 bcd |
3. Experimental Section
Month | Precipitation amount (cm) |
---|---|
May | 13.36 |
June | 12.45 |
July | 9.02 |
August | 16.23 |
September | 17.07 |
Total | 68.12 |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mandal, M.; Chandran, R.S.; Sencindiver, J.C. Amending Subsoil with Composted Poultry Litter-I: Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties. Agronomy 2013, 3, 657-669. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy3040657
Mandal M, Chandran RS, Sencindiver JC. Amending Subsoil with Composted Poultry Litter-I: Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties. Agronomy. 2013; 3(4):657-669. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy3040657
Chicago/Turabian StyleMandal, Mili, Rakesh S. Chandran, and John C. Sencindiver. 2013. "Amending Subsoil with Composted Poultry Litter-I: Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties" Agronomy 3, no. 4: 657-669. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy3040657