Soil Biochemical Changes Induced by Poultry Litter Application and Conservation Tillage under Cotton Production Systems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
No. | Tillage system | Cropping system | N source | N rate kg ha−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 (CTR) | Conventional till | Cotton-rye | None | 0 |
2 (CTAN) | Conventional till | Cotton-fallow | Ammonium nitrate | 100 |
3 (NTAN) | No-till | Cotton-fallow | Ammonium nitrate | 100 |
4 (CTRAN) | Conventional till | Cotton-rye | Ammonium nitrate | 100 |
5 (CTRP) | Conventional till | Cotton-rye | Poultry litter | 100 |
6 (MTRAN) | Mulch-till | Cotton-rye | Ammonium nitrate | 100 |
7 (MTRP) | Mulch-till | Cotton-rye | Poultry litter | 100 |
8 (NTRAN) | No-till | Cotton-rye | Ammonium nitrate | 100 |
9 (NTRP) | No-till | Cotton-rye | Poultry litter | 100 |
10 (NT) | No-till | Cotton-fallow | None | 0 |
11 (NTRPP) | No-till | Cotton-rye | Poultry litter | 200 |
12 (BF) | None | Bare fallow | None | 0 |
2.1. Soil Sampling and Enzyme Analyses
2.2. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Soil Enzyme Activities
Depth → | Acid phoshatase | Alkaline phosphatase | Phospho-diesterase | Glucosidase | Arylsulfatase | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
P value | ||||||||||
Tillage and N source on (Treatment 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 ‡) | ||||||||||
Tillage (T) | ns | *** | ns | ns | * | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
N Sources (N) | ns | ns | ** | ns | ns | ns | *** | ns | ** | ns |
T × N | ns | ** | * | ns | ns | ns | *** | * | ns | ns |
Tillage and cropping systems on (Treatment (2, 3, 4, and 8) | ||||||||||
Tillage (T) | ns | *** | ns | ns | * | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Cropping (C) | ns | ns | ns | ns | * | ns | *** | * | *** | * |
T × C | ns | ns | ns | ns | ** | * | *** | ns | * | * |
3.2. Effect of Rye Cover Crops on Soil Enzyme Activities
3.3. Effect of Poultry Litter and NH4NO3 Application on Soil Enzyme Activities
3.4. Correlation between Soil Enzyme Activities and Organic Carbon, and Total Nitrogen
Depth → | Acid Phosphatase | Alkaline Phosphatase | Phospho-Diesterase | Arylsulfatase | Organic C | Total N | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
β-glucosidase | 0.30 * | 0.10 | 0.55 *** | 0.30 * | 0.46 ** | 0.04 | 0.75 *** | −0.003 | 0.58 *** | 0.16 | 0.39 ** | 0.15 |
Acid Phosphatase | −0.009 | −0.04 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.21 | −0.25 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.30 * | ||
Alkaline Phosphatase | 0.59 *** | 0.08 | 0.68 *** | 0.06 | 0.58 *** | 0.23 | 0.47 ** | 0.16 | ||||
Phospho-Diesterase | 0.62 *** | 0.21 | 0.50 *** | 0.36 ** | 0.46 ** | 0.03 | ||||||
Arylsulfatase | 0.66 *** | 0.23 | 0.48 *** | 0.26 |
4. Discussion and Conclusions
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Mankolo, R.; Reddy, C.; Senwo, Z.; Nyakatawa, E.; Sajjala, S. Soil Biochemical Changes Induced by Poultry Litter Application and Conservation Tillage under Cotton Production Systems. Agronomy 2012, 2, 187-198. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy2030187
Mankolo R, Reddy C, Senwo Z, Nyakatawa E, Sajjala S. Soil Biochemical Changes Induced by Poultry Litter Application and Conservation Tillage under Cotton Production Systems. Agronomy. 2012; 2(3):187-198. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy2030187
Chicago/Turabian StyleMankolo, Regine, Chandra Reddy, Zachary Senwo, Ermson Nyakatawa, and Seshadri Sajjala. 2012. "Soil Biochemical Changes Induced by Poultry Litter Application and Conservation Tillage under Cotton Production Systems" Agronomy 2, no. 3: 187-198. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy2030187