Thermal Conductivity of Graphene-Polymer Composites: Mechanisms, Properties, and Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Thermal Conductive Mechanisms
2.1. Thermal Conductive Mechanisms in Graphene
2.2. Thermal Conductive Mechanisms in Polymers
2.3. Thermal Conductive Mechanisms in Graphene-Polymer Composites
3. Recent Advances in Thermal Conductivity of Graphene-Polymer Composites
3.1. Graphene with Random Orientation in the Polymer Matrix
3.2. Graphene with Specific Orientation in the Polymer Matrix
4. Influence Factors on Thermal Conductivity of Graphene-Polymer Composites
4.1. The Characteristics of Graphene
4.2. The Loading of Graphene
4.3. The Orientation of Graphene in the Polymer Matrix
4.4. The Interface between Graphene and the Polymer
5. Applications of Graphene-Polymer Composites in Thermal Engineering
5.1. Electronic Packaging
5.2. Thermal Energy Storage
5.3. Batteries
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Py-PGMA-GNS/epoxy | Pyrene-end poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-graphene nanosheet/epoxy composite |
f-GFs/epoxy | Non-covalently functionalized graphene flakes/epoxy composite |
GnP-C750/epoxy | Graphene nanoplatelets (sizes < 1 μm)/epoxy composite |
DGEBA-f-GO/epoxy | Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A functionalized graphene oxide/epoxy composite |
GS@Al2O3/PVDF | Alumina-coated graphene sheet/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite |
Al2O3@GNP/epoxy | Alumina nanoparticles decorated graphene nanoplatelets/epoxy composite |
GNP/PBT | Graphene nanoplatelet/polybutylene terephthalate composite |
GNPs/PPS | Graphene nanoplatelets/polyphenylene sulfide composite |
PI/SiCNWs-GSs | Polyimide/SiC nanowires grown on graphene sheets composite |
GP/SR | Graphene/silicone rubber |
PA6/graphene-GO | Polyamide-6/graphene-graphene oxide composite |
GNP/epoxy | Graphene nanoplatelets/epoxy composite |
PVDF/FGS/ND | Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/functionalized graphene sheets/nanodiamonds composite |
ApPOSS-graphene/epoxy | Aminopropylisobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane grafted graphene/epoxy composite |
IL-G/PU | 1-allyl-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid modified graphene/polyurethane composite |
PA/TCA-rGO | Titanate coupling agent modified reduced graphene/polyamide composite |
BE/graphene | Bio-based polyester/graphene composite |
GNPs/silicone | Graphene nanoplatelets/silicone composite |
VAGF/PDMS | Vertically aligned graphene film/polydimethylsiloxane |
MLG/epoxy | Multilayer graphene/epoxy composite |
NFC/RGO | Nanofibrillated cellulose/epoxy composite |
rLGO/PVDF | Highly self-aligned large-area reduced graphene oxide/poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) composite |
PVDF/oGNF | Oriented graphene nanoflake/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite |
epoxy/GNS–Fe3O4 | Epoxy/graphene nanosheets-Fe3O4 |
GNP/PE | Graphene nanoplatelets/polyethylene |
GNP/PP | Graphene nanoplatelets/polypropylene |
GNP/PVA | Graphene nanoplatelets/poly(vinyl alcohol) |
GNP/PVDF | Graphene nanoplatelets/poly(vinylideneuoride) |
GNP/PS | Graphene nanoplates/polystyrene; RGO/TPU |
RGO/TPU | Reduced graphene oxide/thermoplastic polyurethane |
PA6/graphene foam | Polyamide-6/graphene foam |
GF/epoxy | Graphene foams/epoxy |
GF/PDMS | Graphene foam/polydimethylsiloxane |
PEG/HGA | Polyethylene glycol/hybrid graphene aerogels |
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Sample | Graphene content (wt %) | Thermal conductivity (W m−1 k−1) | Thermal conductivity enhancement (TCE) per wt % | Preparation method | Surface preparation methods |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Py-PGMA-GNS/epoxy [55] | 3.8 | 1.91 | 225% | In-situ polymerization | Non-covalent modification |
f-GFs/epoxy [56] | 10 | 1.53 | 66.5% | In-situ polymerization | Non-covalent modification |
GnP-C750/epoxy [57] | 5 | 0.45 | 23.8% | In-situ polymerization | no |
DGEBA-f-GO/epoxy [58] | 4.64 1 | 0.72 | 52.3% | In-situ polymerization | no |
GS@Al2O3/PVDF [59] | 40 | 0.586 | 4.8% | solution mixing | Coated by alumina nanoparticals |
Al2O3@ GNP/epoxy [60] | 12 | 1.49 | 56.4% | solution mixing | Coated by alumina |
GNP/PBT [61] | 20 | 1.98 | 61% | In-situ polymerization | no |
GNPs/PPS [62] | 37.8 1 | 4.414 | 49% | melt mixing | Covalent modification |
PI/SiCNWs-GSs [63] | 7 | 0.577 | 21% | solution mixing | no |
GP/SR [54] | 0.72 | 0.3 | 69.4% | mechanical blending | Covalent modification |
PA6/graphene-GO [64] | 10 | 2.14 | 56.9% | In-situ polymerization | Non-covalent modification |
GNP/epoxy [65] | 25 | 2.67 | 49.4% | solution mixing | no |
PVDF/FGS/ND [20] | 45 | 0.66 | 3.9% | solution mixing | no |
ApPOSS-graphene/epoxy [66] | 0.5 | 0.348 | 115.8% | solution mixing | Covalent modification |
IL-G/PU [67] | 0.608 | 0.3012 | 55.9% | In-situ polymerization | Non-covalent modification |
PA/TCA-rGO [68] | 5 | 5.1 | 357.8% | melt mixing | Covalent modification |
BE/graphene [69] | 2.5 | 0.542 | 73.7% | solution mixing | Covalent modification |
GNPs/silicone [70] | 16 | ~2.6 | 49.7% | In-situ polymerization | no |
Sample | Graphene content (wt %) | Thermal conductivity (W m−1 k−1) | Thermal conductivity enhancement (TCE) per wt % | Specific orientation of graphene |
---|---|---|---|---|
VAGF/PDMS [76] | 92.3 | 614.85 | 3329% | orientation |
MLG/epoxy [77] | 11.8 | 33.54 | 1412.7% | orientation |
NFC/RGO [81] | 1 | 12.6 | 910% | orientation |
rLGO/PVDF [82] | 27.2 | 19.5 | ~323.5% | orientation |
PVDF/oGNF [83] | ~36.8 | ~10 | ~113.2% | orientation |
epoxy/GNS–Fe3O4 [84] | ~1.74 | ~0.6 | ~79.9% | orientation |
GNP/PE [85] | 10 | 1.84 | 45.7% | segregated structure |
GNP/PP [85] | 10 | 1.53 | 59.5% | segregated structure |
GNP/PVA [85] | 10 | 1.43 | 58% | segregated structure |
GNP/PVDF [85] | 10 | 1.47 | 67.3% | segregated structure |
GNP/PS [86] | ~9.2 | ~0.9 | 43.3% | segregated structure |
RGO/TPU [87] | 1.04 | 0.8 | 288% | segregated structure |
PA6/graphene foam [78] | 2 | 0.847 | 150% | 3D structure |
Octadecanl/graphene [88] | 12 | 5.92 | 216% | 3D structure |
GF/epoxy [89] | 5 | 1.52 | 170% | 3D structure |
GF/PDMS [90] | 0.7 | 0.56 | 285% | 3D structure |
PEG/HGA [79] | 1.8 | 1.43 | 200.6% | 3D structure |
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Li, A.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, Y.-F. Thermal Conductivity of Graphene-Polymer Composites: Mechanisms, Properties, and Applications. Polymers 2017, 9, 437. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym9090437
Li A, Zhang C, Zhang Y-F. Thermal Conductivity of Graphene-Polymer Composites: Mechanisms, Properties, and Applications. Polymers. 2017; 9(9):437. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym9090437
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, An, Cong Zhang, and Yang-Fei Zhang. 2017. "Thermal Conductivity of Graphene-Polymer Composites: Mechanisms, Properties, and Applications" Polymers 9, no. 9: 437. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym9090437