FRP-Confined Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete: Experimental Investigation and Model Comparison
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Program
2.1. Recycled Aggregate (RA)
2.2. Design of Test Specimens
2.3. Material Properties
2.4. Specimen Preparation
2.5. Test Setup and Instrumentation
3. Test Results and Discussions
3.1. Failure Mode
3.2. Stress–Strain Behavior
3.3. Hoop Rupture Strain of CFRP
4. Influence Factor Analyses
4.1. Effects of FRP Type
4.2. Effects of the Replacement Ratio of RA
5. Comparisons with Existing Ultimate Strength and Strain Models
6. Comparisons with Existing Stress–Strain Models
6.1. Existing Stress–Strain Models and Discussion
6.2. Comparison of Zhou and Wu’s Model and Jiang and Teng’s Model
7. Conclusions
- (1)
- The compressive behaviors of FRP-confined RAC are similar to those of FRP-confined NAC. Effective FRP confinement can significantly improve the ultimate strength and ultimate strain of RAC.
- (2)
- The experimental results indicate that a different replacement ratio of recycled aggregate between specimens with similar concrete strength (i.e., C2-100% and C1-30%) provide higher ultimate axial strain for higher confinement (see C2R100E3 versus C1R30E3, Figure 4b,e). The analysis of the compiled database for FRP-confined RAC indicates that the mechanical properties of FRP-confined RAC significantly depend on the confinement ratio instead of FRP type and the replacement ratio of RA has a very slight influence on the behavior of FRP-confined RAC.
- (3)
- Through the quantitative assessment of eleven well-recognized strength and strain models of FRP-confined NAC, it can be concluded that the models proposed by Jiang and Teng [2] and Wei and Wu [57] have respectively the top performance in predicting the ultimate strength and ultimate strain of FRP-confined RAC. On this basis, this paper finally recommends the use of Zhou and Wu’s model [60] and Jiang and Teng’s model [2] to respectively simulate the axial stress–axial strain and axial stress–lateral strain behaviors of FRP-confined RAC, which have provided a reasonable accuracy in prediction.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Notation
E1 | initial elasticity modulus of FRP-confined concrete |
E2 | the slope of the asymptotical line of the hardening branch of the stress–strain curve |
Ec | initial elasticity modulus of concrete |
Efrp | elasticity modulus of FRP |
R | the replacement ratio of RA |
D | the diameter of the circular section |
ffrp | ultimate tensile strength of FRP |
compressive strength of unconfined concrete | |
fcc | ultimate strength of CFRP-confined concrete |
kε | FRP strain efficiency factor |
fo | stress value at the intersection of the back-extended asymptotical line of stress–strain curve |
n | the shape parameter of the curve |
tfrp | thickness of FRP fiber |
εfrp | ultimate strain of FRP |
εh,frp | average hoop rupture strain of CFRP |
εhm,frp | maximum hoop rupture strain of CFRP |
εo | axial peak strain |
εcu | ultimate strain of CFRP-confined concrete |
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Aggregate type | Size range (mm) | Apparent density (kg/m3) | Water absorption rate (%) | Stacking density (kg/m3) | Crushing index (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RA | 5–31.5 | 2476.9 | 6.31 | 1,158.2 | 18.6 |
NA | 5–31.5 | 2650.0 | 1.35 | 1,515.3 | 11.2 |
Series name | Replacement ratio of RA, R (%) | Number of CFRP layers | Number of identical specimens | Subtotal of test specimens |
---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 0, 30, 50, 100 a | 0, 1, 3 | 3 | 33 |
C2 | 100 | 0, 1, 3 | 3 | 9 |
C3 | 100 | 0, 3 | 3 | 6 |
Series name | Replacement ratio, R | W/C | Cement (kg/m3) | Water (kg/m3) | RA (kg/m3) | NA (kg/m3) | Sand (kg/m3) | Water reducing agent | Concrete strength (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 0% | 0.35 | 563 | 190 | 0 | 838 | 1,275 | 1.80% | 48.41 |
C1 | 30% | 0.35 | 563 | 190 | 251 | 587 | 1,275 | 1.80% | 42.74 |
C1 | 50% | 0.35 | 563 | 190 | 419 | 419 | 1,275 | 1.80% | 43.06 |
C1 | 100% | 0.35 | 563 | 190 | 838 | 0 | 1,275 | 3.50% | 37.21 |
C2 | 100% | 0.45 | 500 | 219 | 880 | 0 | 1,259 | 2.50% | 40.54 |
C3 | 100% | 0.30 | 625 | 179 | 838 | 0 | 1,253 | 3.00% | 56.34 |
Specimen name | R | FRP type | Efrp | ffrp | tfrp | FRP layers | * | fcc | Ec * | fo * | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(%) | (GPa) | (GPa) | (mm) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (MPa) | (GPa) | (MPa) | ||||
C1R0E1N1 | 0 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 1 | 0.2 | 1.216 | 1.096 | 0.685 | 0.65 a | 65.14 | 30.3 | 55.08 |
C1R0E1N2 | 0 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 1 | 0.2 | 1.09 | 77.28 | |||||
C1R0E1N3 | 0 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 1 | 0.2 | 1.00 | 76.32 | |||||
C1R0E3N1 | 0 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 3 | 0.2 | 1.485 | 1.347 | 0.842 | 1.90 | 129.80 | 30.3 | 75.39 |
C1R0E3N2 | 0 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 3 | 0.2 | 1.96 | 134.76 | |||||
C1R0E3N3 | 0 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 3 | 0.2 | 1.76 | 125.76 | |||||
C1R30E1N1 | 30 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 1 | 0.2 | 1.394 | 1.285 | 0.803 | 1.05 | 67.04 | 31.8 | 42.63 |
C1R30E1N2 | 30 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.96 | 65.22 | |||||
C1R30E1N3 | 30 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.99 | 64.04 | |||||
C1R30E3N1 | 30 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 3 | 0.2 | 1.101 | 0.954 | 0.596 | 1.80 | 96.12 | 31.8 | 62.93 |
C1R30E3N2 | 30 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 3 | 0.2 | 1.53 | 89.03 | |||||
C1R30E3N3 | 30 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 3 | 0.2 | 1.77 | 95.78 | |||||
C1R50E1N1 | 50 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 1 | 0.2 | 1.258 | 1.103 | 0.689 | 0.82 | 61.87 | 30.8 | 50.65 |
C1R50E1N2 | 50 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.90 | 62.23 | |||||
C1R50E1N3 | 50 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.51 a | 55.09 | |||||
C1R50E3N1 | 50 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 3 | 0.2 | 1.388 | 1.197 | 0.748 | 1.49 | 119.59 | 30.8 | 70.95 |
C1R50E3N2 | 50 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 3 | 0.2 | 1.35 | 111.36 | |||||
C1R50E3N3 | 50 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 3 | 0.2 | 1.46 | 113.40 | |||||
C1R100E3N1 | 100 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 3 | 0.2 | 1.184 | 0.988 | 0.618 | 1.42 | 102.19 | 31.3 | 65.26 |
C1R100E3N2 | 100 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 3 | 0.2 | 1.77 | 94.04 | |||||
C1R100E3N3 | 100 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 3 | 0.2 | 1.42 | 95.01 | |||||
C2R100E1N1 | 100 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 1 | 0.2 | 1.283 | 1.148 | 0.718 | 0.92 | 58.10 | 31.3 | 37.82 |
C2R100E1N2 | 100 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.97 | 57.80 | |||||
C2R100E1N3 | 100 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 1 | 0.2 | 1.04 | 60.92 | |||||
C2R100E3N1 | 100 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 3 | 0.2 | 1.169 | 1.021 | 0.638 | 2.25 | 101.00 | 31.3 | 58.12 |
C2R100E3N2 | 100 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 3 | 0.2 | 2.20 | 93.78 | |||||
C2R100E3N3 | 100 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 3 | 0.2 | - | - | |||||
C3R100E3N1 | 100 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 3 | 0.2 | 1.403 | 1.203 | 0.752 | 1.61 | 124.77 | 33.0 | 72.23 |
C3R100E3N2 | 100 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 3 | 0.2 | 1.58 | 125.15 | |||||
C3R100E3N3 | 100 | CFRP | 272.73 | 3.93 | 0.167 | 3 | 0.2 | 1.41 | 117.89 |
Specimen name | R | FRP type | Efrp | ffrp | tfrp | FRP layers | * | εco * | εh,rup | kε | εcu | Ec * | * | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(%) | (GPa) | (GPa) | (mm) | (MPa) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (MPa) | (GPa) | (MPa) | ||||
R0-G1-1 | 0 | GFRP | 98.7 | 1.72 | 0.170 | 1 | 45.00 | 0.280 | 1.46 | 0.849 | 1.06 | 46.70 | 30.7 | 48.67 |
R0-G1-2 | 0 | GFRP | 98.7 | 1.72 | 0.170 | 1 | 1.24 | 0.721 | 0.84 | 48.00 | ||||
R0-G2-1 | 0 | GFRP | 98.7 | 1.72 | 0.170 | 2 | 45.00 | 0.280 | 1.33 | 0.773 | 1.36 | 59.50 | 30.7 | 52.33 |
R0-G2-2 | 0 | GFRP | 98.7 | 1.72 | 0.170 | 2 | 1.44 | 0.837 | 1.38 | 57.40 | ||||
R0-G3-1 | 0 | GFRP | 98.7 | 1.72 | 0.170 | 3 | 45.00 | 0.280 | 1.45 | 0.843 | 1.61 | 69.60 | 30.7 | 56.00 |
R0-G3-2 | 0 | GFRP | 98.7 | 1.72 | 0.170 | 3 | 1.45 | 0.843 | 1.48 | 70.00 | ||||
R20-G1-1 | 20 | GFRP | 98.7 | 1.72 | 0.170 | 1 | 44.90 | 0.260 | 1.26 | 0.733 | 0.81 | 46.50 | 31.6 | 48.30 |
R20-G1-2 | 20 | GFRP | 98.7 | 1.72 | 0.170 | 1 | 1.43 | 0.831 | 0.90 | 47.10 | ||||
R20-G2-1 | 20 | GFRP | 98.7 | 1.72 | 0.170 | 2 | 44.90 | 0.260 | 1.24 | 0.721 | 0.95 | 57.30 | 31.6 | 51.71 |
R20-G2-2 | 20 | GFRP | 98.7 | 1.72 | 0.170 | 2 | 1.35 | 0.785 | 1.15 | 59.20 | ||||
R20-G3-1 | 20 | GFRP | 98.7 | 1.72 | 0.170 | 3 | 44.90 | 0.260 | 1.33 | 0.773 | 1.42 | 71.90 | 31.6 | 55.11 |
R20-G3-2 | 20 | GFRP | 98.7 | 1.72 | 0.170 | 3 | 1.31 | 0.762 | 1.23 | 68.70 | ||||
R100-G1-1 | 100 | GFRP | 98.7 | 1.72 | 0.170 | 1 | 37.30 | 0.280 | 1.18 | 0.686 | 0.98 | 42.70 | 27.0 | 40.97 |
R100-G1-2 | 100 | GFRP | 98.7 | 1.72 | 0.170 | 1 | 1.42 | 0.826 | 1.20 | 45.40 | ||||
R100-G2-1 | 100 | GFRP | 98.7 | 1.72 | 0.170 | 2 | 37.30 | 0.280 | 1.24 | 0.721 | 1.34 | 53.30 | 27.0 | 44.63 |
R100-G2-2 | 100 | GFRP | 98.7 | 1.72 | 0.170 | 2 | 1.54 | 0.895 | 1.78 | 56.20 | ||||
R100-G3-1 | 100 | GFRP | 98.7 | 1.72 | 0.170 | 3 | 37.30 | 0.280 | 1.50 | 0.872 | 1.71 | 68.00 | 27.0 | 48.30 |
R100-G3-2 | 100 | GFRP | 98.7 | 1.72 | 0.170 | 3 | 1.41 | 0.820 | 1.60 | 68.00 | ||||
R0C1-1 | 0 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 1 | 44.44 | 0.345 | 1.34 | 0.742 | 1.17 | 63.56 | 37.1 | 54.00 |
R0C1-2 | 0 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 1 | 1.35 | 0.747 | 1.40 | 61.71 | ||||
R0C1-3 | 0 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 1 | 1.45 | 0.803 | 1.08 | 61.9 | ||||
R0C2-1 | 0 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 2 | 44.44 | 0.345 | 1.18 | 0.653 | 1.42 | 78.94 | 37.1 | 49.94 |
R0C2-2 | 0 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 2 | 1.43 | 0.791 | 1.82 | 78.94 | ||||
R0C2-3 | 0 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 2 | 1.26 | 0.697 | 1.56 | 78.74 | ||||
R0C3-1 | 0 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 3 | 44.44 | 0.345 | 1.31 | 0.725 | 2.06 | 97.04 | 37.1 | 56.48 |
R0C3-2 | 0 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 3 | 1.20 | 0.664 | 1.82 | 95.09 | ||||
R0C3-3 | 0 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 3 | 1.31 | 0.725 | 2.21 | 95.87 | ||||
R25C1-1 | 25 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 1 | 40.75 | 0.320 | 1.24 | 0.686 | 1.24 | 60.64 | 35.1 | 44.81 |
R25C1-2 | 25 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 1 | 1.36 | 0.753 | 1.14 | 57.72 | ||||
R25C1-3 | 25 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 1 | 1.20 | 0.664 | 1.16 | 58.98 | ||||
R25C2-1 | 25 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 2 | 40.75 | 0.320 | 1.27 | 0.703 | 1.52 | 77.18 | 35.1 | 48.34 |
R25C2-3 | 25 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 2 | 1.13 | 0.625 | 1.61 | 75.72 | ||||
R25C3-1 | 25 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 3 | 40.75 | 0.320 | 1.18 | 0.653 | 2.10 | 91.2 | 35.1 | 50.69 |
R25C3-2 | 25 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 3 | 1.04 | 0.576 | 2.28 | 94.61 | ||||
R25C3-3 | 25 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 3 | 1.21 | 0.670 | 2.08 | 94.41 | ||||
R50C1-1 | 50 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 1 | 37.03 | 0.272 | 1.18 | 0.653 | 1.37 | 57.43 | 32.1 | 39.36 |
R50C1-2 | 50 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 1 | 1.47 | 0.814 | 1.30 | 56.55 | ||||
R50C1-3 | 50 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 1 | 1.33 | 0.736 | 1.35 | 55.58 | ||||
R50C2-1 | 50 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 2 | 37.03 | 0.272 | 1.46 | 0.808 | 2.04 | 76.11 | 32.1 | 45.28 |
R50C2-2 | 50 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 2 | 1.24 | 0.686 | 1.83 | 75.72 | ||||
R50C2-3 | 50 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 2 | 1.21 | 0.670 | 1.76 | 73.00 | ||||
R50C3-1 | 50 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 3 | 37.03 | 0.272 | 1.16 | 0.642 | 2.69 | 95.09 | 32.1 | 48.58 |
R50C3-2 | 50 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 3 | 1.30 | 0.720 | 2.78 | 89.06 | ||||
R50C3-3 | 50 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 3 | 1.20 | 0.664 | 2.24 | 91.39 | ||||
R75C1-1 | 75 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 1 | 37.48 | 0.280 | 1.35 | 0.747 | 1.31 | 56.65 | 32.4 | 39.79 |
R75C1-2 | 75 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 1 | 1.44 | 0.797 | 1.44 | 54.99 | ||||
R75C1-3 | 75 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 1 | 1.45 | 0.803 | 1.37 | 58.89 | ||||
R75C2-1 | 75 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 2 | 37.48 | 0.280 | 1.38 | 0.764 | 1.86 | 74.75 | 32.4 | 43.89 |
R75C2-2 | 75 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 2 | 1.32 | 0.731 | 1.97 | 77.87 | ||||
R75C2-3 | 75 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 2 | 1.61 | 0.891 | 1.71 | 74.46 | ||||
R75C3-1 | 75 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 3 | 37.48 | 0.280 | 1.13 | 0.625 | 2.60 | 89.84 | 32.4 | 45.91 |
R75C3-2 | 75 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 3 | 1.08 | 0.598 | 2.31 | 88.18 | ||||
R75C3-3 | 75 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 3 | 1.11 | 0.614 | 1.98 | 89.06 | ||||
R100C1-1 | 100 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 1 | 32.87 | 0.289 | 1.32 | 0.731 | 1.37 | 56.74 | 30.8 | 39.43 |
R100C1-2 | 100 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 1 | 1.36 | 0.753 | 1.35 | 56.36 | ||||
R100C1-3 | 100 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 1 | 1.32 | 0.731 | 1.47 | 55.38 | ||||
R100C2-1 | 100 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 2 | 32.87 | 0.289 | 1.34 | 0.742 | 2.27 | 72.12 | 30.8 | 42.60 |
R100C2-2 | 100 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 2 | 1.39 | 0.769 | 2.14 | 75.34 | ||||
R100C2-3 | 100 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 2 | 1.33 | 0.736 | 2.11 | 74.95 | ||||
R100C3-1 | 100 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 3 | 32.87 | 0.289 | 1.11 | 0.614 | 2.59 | 86.63 | 30.8 | 44.08 |
R100C3-2 | 100 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 3 | 1.18 | 0.653 | 2.60 | 86.92 | ||||
R100C3-3 | 100 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 3 | 1.17 | 0.648 | 2.68 | 89.35 | ||||
R100C2-3 | 100 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 2 | 32.87 | 0.289 | 1.33 | 0.736 | 2.11 | 74.95 | 30.8 | 42.60 |
R100C3-1 | 100 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 3 | 32.87 | 0.289 | 1.11 | 0.614 | 2.59 | 86.63 | 30.8 | 44.08 |
R100C3-2 | 100 | CFRP | 250.0 | 4.517 | 0.111 | 3 | 1.18 | 0.653 | 2.60 | 86.92 |
H | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
= 0.06–0.08 | = 0.10–0.15 | = 0.23–0.28 | = 0.41–0.46 | |||||||||
μ | σ | COV | μ | σ | COV | μ | σ | COV | μ | σ | COV | |
fcc/f ’co | 1.092 | 0.074 | 0.067 | 1.456 | 0.121 | 0.083 | 1.926 | 0.112 | 0.058 | 2.608 | 0.140 | 0.054 |
εcu/εco | 3.525 | 0.468 | 0.133 | 4.478 | 0.573 | 0.128 | 6.282 | 0.619 | 0.099 | 8.068 | 1.163 | 0.144 |
No. | Reference | Strength model |
---|---|---|
1 | Xiao and Wu [41] | |
2 | Lam and Teng [3] | |
3 | Bisby et al. [42] | |
4 | Tamuzs et al. [43] | |
5 | Brether et al. [45] | |
6 | Youssef et al. [46] | |
7 | Jiang and Teng [2] | |
8 | Teng et al. [13] | |
9 | Wu and Zhou [47] | |
10 | Ozbakkaloglu and Lim [48] | |
11 | Nistico and Monti [7] |
No. | Reference | Strain model |
---|---|---|
1 | Xiao and Wu [41] | |
2 | Lam and Teng [3] | |
3 | Bisby et al. [42] | |
4 | Tamuzs et al. [44] | |
5 | Brether et al. [45] | |
6 | Youssef et al. [46] | |
7 | Jiang and Teng [2] | |
8 | Teng et al. [13] | |
9 | Ozbakkaloglu and Lim [48] | |
10 | Wei and Wu [57] | |
11 | De Lorenzis et al. [58] |
NO. | AAE | MSE | SD | COV | RPE | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GFRP | CFRP | Both a | GFRP | CFRP | Both a | GFRP | CFRP | Both a | GFRP | CFRP | Both a | GFRP | CFRP | Both a | |
1 | 0.083 | 0.102 | 0.099 | 0.012 | 0.046 | 0.040 | 0.038 | 0.080 | 0.073 | 0.030 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.917 | 0.912 | 0.913 |
2 | 0.093 | 0.071 | 0.075 | 0.016 | 0.033 | 0.030 | 0.054 | 0.070 | 0.095 | 0.036 | 0.037 | 0.053 | 1.093 | 0.949 | 0.978 |
3 | 0.056 | 0.166 | 0.145 | 0.009 | 0.164 | 0.133 | 0.073 | 0.076 | 0.109 | 0.054 | 0.046 | 0.069 | 1.004 | 0.838 | 0.871 |
4 | 0.184 | 0.076 | 0.097 | 0.065 | 0.035 | 0.041 | 0.044 | 0.075 | 0.089 | 0.027 | 0.035 | 0.044 | 1.184 | 1.064 | 1.088 |
5 | 0.108 | 0.061 | 0.070 | 0.022 | 0.024 | 0.024 | 0.051 | 0.070 | 0.093 | 0.034 | 0.036 | 0.051 | 1.108 | 0.968 | 0.996 |
6 | 0.112 | 0.264 | 0.234 | 0.042 | 0.364 | 0.301 | 0.086 | 0.072 | 0.109 | 0.071 | 0.050 | 0.078 | 0.900 | 0.736 | 0.769 |
7 | 0.113 | 0.058 | 0.069 | 0.024 | 0.022 | 0.022 | 0.050 | 0.070 | 0.093 | 0.033 | 0.036 | 0.050 | 1.113 | 0.975 | 1.002 |
8 | 0.029 | 0.084 | 0.073 | 0.002 | 0.037 | 0.030 | 0.036 | 0.080 | 0.076 | 0.027 | 0.042 | 0.043 | 0.988 | 0.943 | 0.952 |
9 | 0.057 | 0.175 | 0.152 | 0.010 | 0.186 | 0.151 | 0.075 | 0.081 | 0.116 | 0.055 | 0.050 | 0.074 | 1.004 | 0.829 | 0.864 |
10 | 0.096 | 0.077 | 0.081 | 0.018 | 0.039 | 0.035 | 0.055 | 0.077 | 0.101 | 0.037 | 0.041 | 0.056 | 1.096 | 0.948 | 0.977 |
11 | 0.072 | 0.207 | 0.180 | 0.017 | 0.248 | 0.202 | 0.081 | 0.080 | 0.116 | 0.062 | 0.051 | 0.077 | 0.970 | 0.795 | 0.829 |
NO. | AAE | MSE | SD | COV | RPE | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GFRP | CFRP | Both a | GFRP | CFRP | Both a | GFRP | CFRP | Both a | GFRP | CFRP | Both a | GFRP | CFRP | Both a | |
1 | 0.726 | 0.331 | 0.409 | 11.933 | 9.838 | 10.252 | 0.029 | 0.351 | 0.371 | 0.023 | 0.078 | 0.096 | 0.274 | 0.725 | 0.636 |
2 | 0.673 | 0.398 | 0.452 | 10.539 | 10.994 | 10.904 | 0.039 | 0.458 | 0.467 | 0.026 | 0.088 | 0.104 | 0.327 | 0.856 | 0.751 |
3 | 0.699 | 0.593 | 0.614 | 11.439 | 17.524 | 16.320 | 0.042 | 0.119 | 0.116 | 0.031 | 0.048 | 0.051 | 0.301 | 0.407 | 0.386 |
4 | 0.646 | 0.316 | 0.381 | 9.653 | 9.135 | 9.238 | 0.037 | 0.296 | 0.302 | 0.023 | 0.070 | 0.081 | 0.354 | 0.703 | 0.634 |
5 | 0.668 | 0.413 | 0.464 | 10.388 | 11.391 | 11.193 | 0.038 | 0.226 | 0.228 | 0.025 | 0.063 | 0.072 | 0.332 | 0.587 | 0.536 |
6 | 0.730 | 0.782 | 0.771 | 12.474 | 28.714 | 25.502 | 0.043 | 0.064 | 0.067 | 0.036 | 0.050 | 0.053 | 0.270 | 0.218 | 0.229 |
7 | 0.667 | 0.451 | 0.494 | 10.338 | 11.908 | 11.597 | 0.038 | 0.207 | 0.207 | 0.025 | 0.061 | 0.069 | 0.333 | 0.549 | 0.506 |
8 | 0.704 | 0.383 | 0.447 | 11.318 | 10.162 | 10.390 | 0.030 | 0.441 | 0.456 | 0.022 | 0.087 | 0.105 | 0.296 | 0.841 | 0.733 |
9 | 0.672 | 0.348 | 0.412 | 10.514 | 10.365 | 10.395 | 0.039 | 0.291 | 0.294 | 0.026 | 0.073 | 0.084 | 0.328 | 0.661 | 0.595 |
10 | 0.090 | 0.193 | 0.172 | 0.279 | 1.919 | 1.595 | 0.103 | 0.226 | 0.214 | 0.023 | 0.033 | 0.034 | 0.964 | 1.114 | 1.085 |
11 | 0.240 | 0.206 | 0.212 | 1.540 | 2.891 | 2.624 | 0.085 | 0.177 | 0.165 | 0.024 | 0.034 | 0.034 | 0.760 | 0.843 | 0.827 |
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Zhou, Y.; Hu, J.; Li, M.; Sui, L.; Xing, F. FRP-Confined Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete: Experimental Investigation and Model Comparison. Polymers 2016, 8, 375. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym8100375
Zhou Y, Hu J, Li M, Sui L, Xing F. FRP-Confined Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete: Experimental Investigation and Model Comparison. Polymers. 2016; 8(10):375. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym8100375
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Yingwu, Jingjing Hu, Mali Li, Lili Sui, and Feng Xing. 2016. "FRP-Confined Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete: Experimental Investigation and Model Comparison" Polymers 8, no. 10: 375. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym8100375