Rheological Characterization of Next-Generation Ballistic Witness Materials for Body Armor Testing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Specimen Preparation
2.2.2. Frequency Sweep Experiments
2.2.3. Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Experiments
2.2.4. Aging and Work History Effects
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Frequency Sweep Experiments
3.2. Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear
3.3. LAOS Analysis
3.4. Aging and Work History Effects
3.5. Scaling Relationship of Shear Modulus to Deformation at Higher Rates
3.6. Strcture–Property Relationships in SCBM
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Disclaimer
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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G’ at 2 Hz (MPa) a | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Materials | T = 20 °C | T = 25 °C | T = 30 °C | T = 40 °C | T = 50 °C | Average b |
SCBM #1 | 3.55 | 3.53 | 3.68 | 3.52 | 3.45 | 3.55 ± 0.08 |
SCBM #2 | 3.98 | 4.57 | 4.07 | 3.85 | 3.86 | 4.07 ± 0.29 |
SCBM #3 | 4.45 | 4.62 | 4.46 | 4.59 | 4.67 | 4.56 ± 0.10 |
RP1 | 13.99 | 10.69 | 6.72 | 4.02 | 3.40 | 7.76 ± 4.51 |
G’ at 2 Hz (MPa) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
As-received | Aged | Worked | |||
Materials | Value | Value | Increased (%) a | Value | Decrease (%) a |
SCBM #1 | 3.49 ± 0.06 | 4.23 ± 0.34 | 21 | 3.35 ± 0.04 | 4 |
SCBM #2 | 4.08 ± 0.03 | 5.21 ± 0.50 | 28 | 3.63 ± 0.01 | 11 |
SCBM #3 | 5.16 ± 0.14 | 6.55 ± 0.39 | 27 | 4.30 ± 0.08 | 17 |
RP1 | 10.69 ± 0.32 | 10.86 ± 0.40 | 2 | 6.95 ± 0.40 | 35 |
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Tao, R.; Rice, K.D.; Djakeu, A.S.; Mrozek, R.A.; Cole, S.T.; Freeney, R.M.; Forster, A.M. Rheological Characterization of Next-Generation Ballistic Witness Materials for Body Armor Testing. Polymers 2019, 11, 447. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11030447
Tao R, Rice KD, Djakeu AS, Mrozek RA, Cole ST, Freeney RM, Forster AM. Rheological Characterization of Next-Generation Ballistic Witness Materials for Body Armor Testing. Polymers. 2019; 11(3):447. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11030447
Chicago/Turabian StyleTao, Ran, Kirk D. Rice, Anicet S. Djakeu, Randy A. Mrozek, Shawn T. Cole, Reygan M. Freeney, and Aaron M. Forster. 2019. "Rheological Characterization of Next-Generation Ballistic Witness Materials for Body Armor Testing" Polymers 11, no. 3: 447. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11030447