Two Possible Side Reaction Pathways during Furanic Etherification
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Catalyst Characterization
2.2. Catalytic Performance of C-ZSM-5 and HP-ZSM-5 in the Etherification of BHMF
2.3. Catalyst Reusability
2.4. Carbon Deposition Analysis
2.5. Speculated Mechanism of Side Reaction during BHMF to BMMF Process
3. Material and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Synthesis of Catalysts
3.3. Catalysts Characterization
3.4. Catalytic Activity
3.5. Product Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Si/Al Molar Ratio a | SBET (m2·g−1) b | Vmicro (cm3·g−1) c | Vmeso (cm3·g−1) d | Number of Acid Sites (mmol of NH3·g−1) e | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weak Acid | Strong Acid | Total Acid | |||||
Conventional ZSM-5 (C-ZSM-5) | 33 | 330 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.33 | 0.43 | 0.76 |
Hierarchical porous ZSM-5 (HP-ZSM-5) | 43 | 453 | 0.11 | 0.34 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.30 |
Catalysts | Time (h) | BMMF Yield (%) |
---|---|---|
Fresh C-ZSM-5 | 24 | 64.0 |
Spent C-ZSM-5 | 24 | 39.6 |
Fresh HP-ZSM-5 | 12 | 94.5 |
Spent HP-ZSM-5 | 12 | 93.7 |
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Fang, W.; Hu, H.; Ma, Z.; Wang, L.; Zhang, Y. Two Possible Side Reaction Pathways during Furanic Etherification. Catalysts 2018, 8, 383. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8090383
Fang W, Hu H, Ma Z, Wang L, Zhang Y. Two Possible Side Reaction Pathways during Furanic Etherification. Catalysts. 2018; 8(9):383. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8090383
Chicago/Turabian StyleFang, Wenting, Hualei Hu, Zhongsen Ma, Lei Wang, and Yajie Zhang. 2018. "Two Possible Side Reaction Pathways during Furanic Etherification" Catalysts 8, no. 9: 383. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8090383