Downregulation of SHIP2 by Hepatitis B Virus X Promotes the Metastasis and Chemoresistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma through SKP2
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. SHIP2 Is Downregulated in HBV-Infected HCC Tissues
2.2. HBx Reduces SHIP2 Expression in HCC Cells
2.3. SHIP2 Is Regulated by HBx through SKP2 in HCC Cells
2.4. Downregulation of SHIP2 Leads to Elevated Glucose Uptake and Drug Resistance to 5-FU
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. TMA Analysis
4.2. Cell Culture
4.3. Transient Transfection
4.4. Western Blot Analysis
4.5. RNA Isolation, Reverse Transcription, PCR, and Real-Time PCR
4.6. Immunoprecipitation
4.7. Gene Knockdown with shRNA
4.8. Cell Viability Assay
4.9. In Vitro Migration and Invasion Assays
4.10. Glucose Uptake Assay and Flow Cytometry Analysis
4.11. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | No. (%) |
---|---|
Gender, n (%) | |
Male | 42 (85.7) |
Female | 7 (14.3) |
Age (years) | |
Median (range) | 50 (24–68) |
Stage, n (%) | |
I | 5 (10.2) |
II | 42 (85.7) |
III | 2 (4) |
HBV infection, n (%) | |
− | 23 (23.5) |
+ | 59 (60.2) |
++ | 16 (16.3) |
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Su, K.-J.; Yu, Y.-L. Downregulation of SHIP2 by Hepatitis B Virus X Promotes the Metastasis and Chemoresistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma through SKP2. Cancers 2019, 11, 1065. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11081065
Su K-J, Yu Y-L. Downregulation of SHIP2 by Hepatitis B Virus X Promotes the Metastasis and Chemoresistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma through SKP2. Cancers. 2019; 11(8):1065. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11081065
Chicago/Turabian StyleSu, Kuo-Jung, and Yung-Luen Yu. 2019. "Downregulation of SHIP2 by Hepatitis B Virus X Promotes the Metastasis and Chemoresistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma through SKP2" Cancers 11, no. 8: 1065. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11081065