Variations in the Microcystin Content of Different Fish Species Collected from a Eutrophic Lake
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Fish species | Range of microcystin detected (µg/kg) | FW or DW | Extraction protocol | Analytical method | Author(s) | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) | 123.1–250.0 | FW | Water:methanol:butanol (15:4:1) extraction, C18 cleanup | ELISA | [29] | 2001 |
Tilapia rendalli | 3.0–337.0 | DW | 100% methanol extraction | ELISA | [30] | 2001 |
Goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) | 50–300 (estimated from their Figure 1) | FW | 100% methanol extraction | PPIA | [31] | 2003 |
500–1960 (estimated from their Figure 2) | DW | Water:methanol:butanol (15:4:1) extraction, C18 and Si cleanup | LC-PDA | [22] | 2005 | |
Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) | 0.12–4.0 | FW | 75% methanol and acetic acid extraction | ELISA | [32] | 2008 |
0.5–7.0 | DW | 100% methanol extraction | ELISA | [33] | 2011 | |
Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) | 210.0–320.0 | FW | Water:methanol:butanol (15:4:1) extraction, C18 cleanup | ELISA | [34] | 2011 |
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) | 45-225 (estimated from their Figure 1b) | FW | Homogenization in methanol, hexane | LC-MS | [35] | 2011 |
0.8–63.4 | DW | methanol extraction | ELISA | [33] | 2011 | |
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) | 46.3 | DW | Water:methanol:butanol (15:4:1) extraction, C18 and Si cleanup | LC-PDA | [22] | 2005 |
3.3–19.0 | FW | 50% methanol, hexane | ELISA | [36] | 2007 | |
2.85–138.7 | FW | 75% methanol, acetic acid | ELISA, LC-MS | [37] | 2011 | |
50–470 (estimated from their Figure 4) | FW | 100% methanol extraction | ELISA | [23] | 2012 | |
3.5 | FW | 5% acetic acid, 0.01M EDTA extraction, charcoal | LC-MS/MS | Present study | 2012 | |
Black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) | 399.0 | FW | 100% methanol and acidified water, cleanup with C18 cleanup | LC-MS/MS | [38] | 2009 |
1.5–1.9 | DW | 50% methanol extraction | ELISA | [33] | 2011 | |
1.04–70.43 | FW | 5% acetic acid, 0.01M EDTA extraction, charcoal cleanup | LC-MS/MS | Present study | 2012 | |
White crappie (Pomoxis annularis) | 270.0–320.0 | FW | Water:methanol:butanol (15:4:1) extraction, C18 cleanup | ELISA | [34] | 2011 |
2. Results and Discussion
Transition (m/z) | Instrument detection limit (µg on column) | Method detection limit (µg/kg) | Cone Voltage (V) | Collision Energy (V) |
---|---|---|---|---|
995→107 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 85 | 90 |
995→112 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 85 | 95 |
995→135 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 85 | 90 |
995→155 | 0.06 | 0.18 | 85 | 85 |
995→213 | 0.08 | 0.24 | 85 | 87 |
Date of collection | Microcystin concentration (µg/g dry weight) | Congeners |
---|---|---|
6/17/2010 | 132 | 100% microcystin-LR |
7/19/2010 | 537 | 55% microcystin-LR |
28% microcystin-LW | ||
9% microcystin-YR | ||
8% microcystin-RR | ||
8/11/2010 | 46 | 100% microcystin-LR |
8/24/2010 | 20 | 100% microcystin-LR |
3. Experimental Section
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
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Schmidt, J.R.; Shaskus, M.; Estenik, J.F.; Oesch, C.; Khidekel, R.; Boyer, G.L. Variations in the Microcystin Content of Different Fish Species Collected from a Eutrophic Lake. Toxins 2013, 5, 992-1009. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins5050992
Schmidt JR, Shaskus M, Estenik JF, Oesch C, Khidekel R, Boyer GL. Variations in the Microcystin Content of Different Fish Species Collected from a Eutrophic Lake. Toxins. 2013; 5(5):992-1009. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins5050992
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchmidt, Justine R., Mylynda Shaskus, John F. Estenik, Carl Oesch, Roman Khidekel, and Gregory L. Boyer. 2013. "Variations in the Microcystin Content of Different Fish Species Collected from a Eutrophic Lake" Toxins 5, no. 5: 992-1009. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins5050992