Toxins 2010, 2(9), 2258-2271; doi:10.3390/toxins2092258
Review

Development of Treatment Concepts for the Use of Botulinum Toxin A in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Richard Placzek 1,* email, Dagmar Siebold 2 email and Julia F. Funk 1 email
1 Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany 2 Centre for physiotherapy and neurorehabilitation, Berlin, Germany
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 23 July 2010; in revised form: 24 August 2010 / Accepted: 26 August 2010 / Published: 27 August 2010
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxins as Therapeutics)
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Abstract: The treatment of children with cerebral palsy with Botulinum toxin A injections is well established, safe and effective. However, a standardized injection strategy is still missing and the used dosage has escalated over the years. In the recent past, the recommended dosages in Europe were, however, reduced due to a better understanding of the relationship between dosage, severe side effects and the kind of anesthesia used. To combine safety and efficacy, the trend tends to a lower dosage, but combined with a more specific selection of injected muscles. The treatment of these key-muscles takes into account the best support for motor development to attain each individual motor milestone.
Keywords: botulinum toxin A; cerebral palsy; CP; multi-level treatment; key-muscle concept

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Cite This Article

MDPI and ACS Style

Placzek, R.; Siebold, D.; Funk, J.F. Development of Treatment Concepts for the Use of Botulinum Toxin A in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Toxins 2010, 2, 2258-2271.

AMA Style

Placzek R, Siebold D, Funk JF. Development of Treatment Concepts for the Use of Botulinum Toxin A in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Toxins. 2010; 2(9):2258-2271.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Placzek, Richard; Siebold, Dagmar; Funk, Julia F. 2010. "Development of Treatment Concepts for the Use of Botulinum Toxin A in Children with Cerebral Palsy." Toxins 2, no. 9: 2258-2271.

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