Subclinical Cardiovascular Damage and Fat Utilization in Overweight/Obese Individuals Receiving the Same Dietary and Pharmacological Interventions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Blood Pressure Measurement
2.1.1. Biochemical Evaluation
2.1.2. Anthropometric and Nutritional Intake Measurements
2.2. Cardiovascular Assessment
2.2.1. Echocardiographic Evaluation
2.2.2. Left Ventricular Geometric Pattern and Systolic Function
2.3. Carotid Arteries Assessment
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
Variables | Normal Geometry | LVCR | p |
---|---|---|---|
Male sex (%) | 23.5 (4) | 26 (5) | 0.58 |
Diabetes (%) | 5.9 | 5.9 | 0.75 |
Hypertension (%) | 41.2 | 43.8 | 0.58 |
Dyslipidemia (%) | 31.3 | 33.3 | 0.60 |
Smoking (%) | 11.7 | 6.6 | 0.58 |
Menopausal status (%) | 50 | 50 | 0.34 |
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (%) | 53.8 | 46.2 | 0.61 |
Diuretics (%) | 40 | 60 | 0.52 |
Variables | Normal Geometry | LVCR | p |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 50.06 ± 11 | 54.06 ± 10 | 0.297 |
RMR (joule) | 5796 ± 715 | 6137 ± 1137 | 0.195 |
RQ | 0.85 ± 0.05 | 0.89 ± 0.05 | 0.038 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 32.56 ± 5 | 32.78 ± 7 | 0.924 |
WC (cm) | 99.38 ± 10 | 102.87 ± 15 | 0.477 |
HC (cm) | 105.97 ± 10 | 109.37 ± 11 | 0.274 |
TBW (Lt) | 38.53 ± 7 | 40.06 ± 8 | 0.615 |
ECW (Lt) | 17.04 ± 3 | 17.85 ± 3 | 0.514 |
FFM (kg) | 52.09 ± 10 | 53.46 ± 12 | 0.755 |
MM (kg) | 35.01 ± 7 | 36.22 ± 10 | 0.734 |
FM (kg) | 28.47 ± 10 | 33.07 ± 12 | 0.297 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.12 ± 0.4 | 5.60 ± 1.3 | 0.177 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 64.2 ± 8 | 66 ± 17 | 0.931 |
T Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.89 ± 1.68 | 5.79 ± 1 | 0.835 |
HDLCholest (mmol/L) | 1.43 ± 0.28 | 1.42 ± 0.41 | 0.956 |
LDLCholest (mmol/L) | 3.91 ± 1.47 | 3.63 ± 0.98 | 0.521 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.21 ± 0.5 | 1.73 ± 1 | 0.083 |
Calcium (mg/dL ) | 9.51 ± 0.39 | 9.42 ± 0.34 | 0.508 |
Uric Acid (μmol/L) | 255.7 ± 59 | 296.2 ± 59 | 0.309 |
SBP (mmHg) | 133.18 ± 14 | 128.41 ± 31 | 0.579 |
DBP (mmHg) | 86.41 ± 8 | 80.82 ± 6 | 0.036 |
HR (b/m) | 71.71 ± 7 | 73.06 ± 7 | 0.607 |
Mean CIMT (mm) | 0.57 ± 0.11 | 0.80 ± 0.19 | 0.015 |
LVMI (g/m2) | 72.51 ± 11 | 77.14 ± 11 | 0.243 |
AR (mm) | 31.06 ± 3 | 32.06 ± 2 | 0.315 |
LAD (mm) | 33.94 ± 3 | 34 ± 4 | 0.965 |
LVend-dias diam(mm) | 47.35 ± 3 | 42.39 ± 5 | 0.004 |
LV end-syst diam(mm) | 32.12 ± 3 | 27.94 ± 5 | 0.015 |
Interventricular sept(mm) | 8.82 ± 0.78 | 11.63 ± 1.24 | <0.001 |
LV Poster Wall(mm) | 8.49 ± 0.82 | 10.71 ± 0.90 | <0.001 |
EF (%) | 60.12 ± 4 | 62.44 ± 4 | 0.147 |
Area | Standard Error | p | CI 95% | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Limit | Higher Limit | |||
0.720 | 0.093 | 0.031 | 0.537 | 0.903 |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Montalcini, T.; Lamprinoudi, T.; Gorgone, G.; Ferro, Y.; Romeo, S.; Pujia, A. Subclinical Cardiovascular Damage and Fat Utilization in Overweight/Obese Individuals Receiving the Same Dietary and Pharmacological Interventions. Nutrients 2014, 6, 5560-5571. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6125560
Montalcini T, Lamprinoudi T, Gorgone G, Ferro Y, Romeo S, Pujia A. Subclinical Cardiovascular Damage and Fat Utilization in Overweight/Obese Individuals Receiving the Same Dietary and Pharmacological Interventions. Nutrients. 2014; 6(12):5560-5571. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6125560
Chicago/Turabian StyleMontalcini, Tiziana, Theodora Lamprinoudi, Gaetano Gorgone, Yvelise Ferro, Stefano Romeo, and Arturo Pujia. 2014. "Subclinical Cardiovascular Damage and Fat Utilization in Overweight/Obese Individuals Receiving the Same Dietary and Pharmacological Interventions" Nutrients 6, no. 12: 5560-5571. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6125560