Heat-Killed Enterococcus faecalis Prevents Adipogenesis and High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Inhibition of Lipid Accumulation through Inhibiting C/EBP-α and PPAR-γ in the Insulin Signaling Pathway
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Enterococcus faecalis 2001
2.2. Animal Experiments
2.3. Serological Analysis
2.4. 3T3-L1 Cell Culture and Differentiation
2.5. Oil Red O Staining of 3T3-L1 Adipocyte
2.6. Cell Cycle Analysis
2.7. Western Blotting Analysis
2.8. Confocal Microscopy
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. EF-2001 Intake Effectively Decreases White Adipose Tissue and Body Weights on HFD-Induced Obese Rats
3.2. EF-2001 Down-Regulates the Levels of Total Cholesterol, TG, and Non-HDL in Serum of High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats
3.3. EF-2001 Inhibits Lipid Accumulation in Differentiated 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
3.4. EF-2001 Delays MDI-Induced Cell Cycle Progression in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
3.5. EF-2001 Inhibits MDI-Induced Insulin Receptor Pathways in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
3.6. EF-2001 Inhibits the Protein Expression and Nuclar Translocation of C/EBP-α and PPAR-γ in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and in HFD-Induced Adipose Tissues
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lee, J.-H.; Woo, K.-J.; Kim, M.-A.; Hong, J.; Kim, J.; Kim, S.-H.; Han, K.-I.; Iwasa, M.; Kim, T.-J. Heat-Killed Enterococcus faecalis Prevents Adipogenesis and High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Inhibition of Lipid Accumulation through Inhibiting C/EBP-α and PPAR-γ in the Insulin Signaling Pathway. Nutrients 2022, 14, 1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061308
Lee J-H, Woo K-J, Kim M-A, Hong J, Kim J, Kim S-H, Han K-I, Iwasa M, Kim T-J. Heat-Killed Enterococcus faecalis Prevents Adipogenesis and High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Inhibition of Lipid Accumulation through Inhibiting C/EBP-α and PPAR-γ in the Insulin Signaling Pathway. Nutrients. 2022; 14(6):1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061308
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Jin-Ho, Keun-Jung Woo, Min-Ah Kim, Joonpyo Hong, Jihee Kim, Sun-Hong Kim, Kwon-Il Han, Masahiro Iwasa, and Tack-Joong Kim. 2022. "Heat-Killed Enterococcus faecalis Prevents Adipogenesis and High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Inhibition of Lipid Accumulation through Inhibiting C/EBP-α and PPAR-γ in the Insulin Signaling Pathway" Nutrients 14, no. 6: 1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061308