Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Risk for Cancer Recurrence and Mortality among Patients with Breast Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patient Population
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. DII
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Patients with and without Breast Cancer Recurrence
3.2. Food and Nutrient Intake of Patients with Breast Cancer According to the DII Score
3.3. Association between the DII Score and the Risk for Cancer Recurrence and Overall Mortality in Patients with Breast Cancer
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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With Cancer Recurrence (n = 88) | Without Cancer Recurrence (n = 423) | p-Value 2 | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 49.57 ± 11.35 | 52.40 ± 10.50 | 0.024 |
Postmenopausal status | 38 (43.2) | 215 (50.8) | 0.192 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.63 ± 3.32 | 23.03 ± 2.76 | 0.115 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||
<25 | 58 (65.9) | 327 (77.3) | 0.024 |
≥25 | 30 (34.1) | 96 (22.7) | |
ER expression | |||
Positive | 55 (63.2) | 302 (71.7) | 0.114 |
Negative | 32 (36.8) | 119 (28.3) | |
PR expression | |||
Positive | 48 (55.2) | 292 (69.4) | 0.010 |
Negative | 39 (44.8) | 129 (30.6) | |
HER2 amplification | |||
Amplified | 25 (28.7) | 113 (26.8) | 0.718 |
Not amplified | 62 (71.3) | 308 (73.2) | |
Subtype | |||
HR+/HER2- | 45 (51.7) | 256 (60.8) | 0.176 |
HR+/HER2+ | 18 (20.7) | 69 (16.4) | |
HR−/HER2+ | 7 (8.0) | 44 (10.5) | |
HR−/HER2- | 17 (19.5) | 52 (12.4) | |
Histologic grade | |||
Grade 1 | 16 (19.3) | 122 (29.9) | 0.048 |
Grade 2 | 31 (37.3) | 160 (39.2) | |
Grade 3 | 36 (43.4) | 126 (30.9) | |
Tumor size (cm) 3 | |||
≤2 | 31 (36.0) | 251 (59.9) | <0.001 |
>2 | 55 (64.0) | 168 (40.1) | |
Lymph node metastasis | |||
Absence | 48 (54.5) | 307 (72.6) | 0.001 |
Presence | 40 (45.5) | 116 (27.4) | |
AJCC stage | |||
Stages 0–2 | 68 (78.2) | 372 (88.6) | 0.009 |
Stage 3 | 19 (21.8) | 48 (11.4) | |
Treatment | |||
Chemotherapy | 62 (70.5) | 238 (56.3) | 0.014 |
Hormonal therapy | 59 (67.0) | 318 (75.2) | 0.115 |
Radiotherapy | 39 (44.3) | 232 (54.8) | 0.072 |
DII score | 0.61 ± 1.93 | −0.14 ± 2.16 | 0.003 |
Death | 41 (46.6) | 3 (0.7) | <0.001 |
Tertiles of the DII | p for Trend 1 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 (n = 170) −2.37 (−5.87–(−1.07)) | T2 (n = 170) −0.10 (−1.08–0.97) | T3 (n = 171) 2.40 (0.98–5.48) | ||
Risk for cancer recurrence | ||||
No. of patients with/without recurrence | 18/152 | 29/141 | 41/130 | |
Adjusted HR (95% CI) 2 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.832 (0.94–3.57) | 2.347 (1.17–4.71) | 0.019 |
Overall mortality | ||||
No. of deaths/survivors | 6/164 | 17/153 | 21/150 | |
Adjusted HR (95% CI) 2 | 1.0 (ref.) | 2.403 (0.87–6.65) | 3.049 (1.08–8.83) | 0.041 |
No. of Patientswith/withoutRecurrence | Tertiles of the DII (HR, 95% CI)2 | p for Trend 1 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 (n = 170) −2.37 (−5.87–(−1.07)) | T2 (n = 170) −0.10 (−1.08–0.97) | T3 (n = 171) 2.40 (0.98–5.48) | |||
Age (years) | |||||
<50 | 48/189 | 1.0 (ref.) | 3.541 (1.22–10.25) | 4.718 (1.63–13.64) | 0.006 |
≥50 | 40/234 | 1.0 (ref.) | 0.919 (0.35–2.39) | 1.636 (0.57–4.74) | 0.335 |
Menopausal status | |||||
Premenopause | 50/208 | 1.0 (ref.) | 2.101 (0.73–6.04) | 3.288 (1.25–8.67) | 0.014 |
Postmenopause | 38/215 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.226 (0.48–3.11) | 1.281 (0.41–3.99) | 0.669 |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
<25 | 58/327 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.621 (0.73–3.60) | 1.980 (0.87–4.51) | 0.109 |
≥25 | 30/96 | 1.0 (ref.) | 3.427 (0.66–17.94) | 8.460 (1.42–50.24) | 0.015 |
Hormone receptor status | |||||
HR+ | 63/325 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.966 (0.89–4.34) | 2.374 (1.05–5.37) | 0.045 |
HR− | 24/96 | 1.0 (ref.) | 2.189 (0.54–8.91) | 4.260 (0.91–19.87) | 0.064 |
Tumor size (cm) | |||||
≤2 | 31/251 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.053 (0.38–2.91) | 0.843 (0.27–2.61) | 0.743 |
>2 | 55/168 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.839 (0.74–4.55) | 3.603 (1.47–8.86) | 0.004 |
Lymph node metastasis | |||||
Absence | 48/307 | 1.0 (ref.) | 0.895 (0.37–2.16) | 0.983 (0.38–2.56) | 0.998 |
Presence | 40/116 | 1.0 (ref.) | 4.245 (1.37–13.19) | 5.287 (1.69–16.54) | 0.006 |
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Jang, H.; Chung, M.S.; Kang, S.S.; Park, Y. Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Risk for Cancer Recurrence and Mortality among Patients with Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10081095
Jang H, Chung MS, Kang SS, Park Y. Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Risk for Cancer Recurrence and Mortality among Patients with Breast Cancer. Nutrients. 2018; 10(8):1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10081095
Chicago/Turabian StyleJang, Hyeonjeong, Min Sung Chung, Shin Sook Kang, and Yongsoon Park. 2018. "Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Risk for Cancer Recurrence and Mortality among Patients with Breast Cancer" Nutrients 10, no. 8: 1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10081095