Renoprotective Effects of Antroquinonol in Rats with Nω-Nitro-l-Arginine Methyl Ester-Induced Hypertension
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design
2.2. Blood Pressure Measurement
2.3. Blood Collection and Analysis
2.4. Renal Tissue Collection and Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Body Weight, Food Intake, and Blood Pressure
3.2. Endothelial Dysfunction and Kidney Injury
3.3. Oxidative Stress
3.4. Inflammatory Effects
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
NO | nitric oxide |
Ang | angiotensin |
ET | endothelium |
NOX | NADPH oxidase |
Nrf | nuclear factor erythroid |
HO | heme oxygenase |
TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
IL | interleukin |
ALT | alanine aminotransferase; |
AST | aspartate aminotransferase |
PAI | plasminogen activator inhibitor |
MDA | malondialdehyde |
NF-κB | nuclear factor-κB |
IκB | inhibitor of NF-κB |
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C | H | A | B | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Serum | ||||
ALB (g/L) | 37.40 ± 0.56 | 36.70 ± 0.60 | 36.20 ± 1.02 | 36.40 ± 0.65 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 14.60 ± 0.50 | 15.80 ± 0.79 | 15.50 ± 0.52 | 15.20 ± 0.59 |
Cr (mg/dL) | 0.29 ± 0.02 b | 0.38 ± 0.04 a | 0.29 ± 0.02 b | 0.29 ± 0.02 b |
AST (IU/L) | 73.00 ± 2.10 | 81.80 ± 4.42 | 77.50 ± 4.12 | 74.80 ± 3.59 |
ALT (IU/L) | 34.80 ± 1.60 b | 50.50 ± 4.17 a | 46.60 ± 2.85 a | 35.30 ± 2.77 b |
PAI-1 (ng/ml) | 0.35 ± 0.03 c | 0.66 ± 0.09 a | 0.53 ± 0.04 ab | 0.44 ± 0.07 bc |
ET-1 (pg/mL) | 0.95 ± 0.06 b | 1.19 ± 0.10 a | 0.97 ± 0.10 ab | 0.89 ± 0.05 b |
AngII (pg/mL) | 358.3 ± 29.9 ab | 402.7 ± 65.2 a | 332.2 ± 31.6 b | 310.9 ± 22.6 b |
MDA (μmol/L) | 11.76 ± 0.60 b | 16.05 ± 1.81 a | 12.71 ± 0.57 b | 12.05 ± 0.50 b |
Kidneys | ||||
ET-1 (pg/mg protein) | 1.2 ± 0.1 b | 1.4 ± 0.1 a | 1.0 ± 0.1 bc | 0.9 ± 0.1 c |
MDA (nmol/mg protein) | 2.3 ± 0.1 ab | 2.5 ± 0.1 a | 2.1 ± 0.1 bc | 1.8 ± 0.1 c |
FRAP (nmol/mg protein) | 59.0 ± 4.0 b | 38.7 ± 3.8 c | 59.1 ± 4.2 b | 95.4 ± 10.4 a |
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Chen, J.-R.; Ko, J.; Yeh, W.-J.; Huang, W.-C.; Yang, H.-Y. Renoprotective Effects of Antroquinonol in Rats with Nω-Nitro-l-Arginine Methyl Ester-Induced Hypertension. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1521. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101521
Chen J-R, Ko J, Yeh W-J, Huang W-C, Yang H-Y. Renoprotective Effects of Antroquinonol in Rats with Nω-Nitro-l-Arginine Methyl Ester-Induced Hypertension. Nutrients. 2018; 10(10):1521. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101521
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Jiun-Rong, Jung Ko, Wan-Ju Yeh, Wen-Chih Huang, and Hsin-Yi Yang. 2018. "Renoprotective Effects of Antroquinonol in Rats with Nω-Nitro-l-Arginine Methyl Ester-Induced Hypertension" Nutrients 10, no. 10: 1521. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101521