Protective Roles of Thymoquinone Nanoformulations: Potential Nanonutraceuticals in Human Diseases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Biological Activities of Thymoquinone Nanoformulation
2.1. Anticancer
2.2. Antidiabetic
2.3. Central Nervous System (CNS) Protectant
2.4. Anti-Inflammatory
2.5. Hepatoprotective
2.6. Antimicrobial
3. Applications of Nano-TQ
3.1. Nano-TQ Cosmetics
3.2. Health and Nutritional Supplement Drinks of Nano-TQ
4. Overcoming the Roadblocks in Clinical Translation of Nano-TQ
5. Conclusions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Method | Materials, Stabilizer | Size (nm) | Animal, Dose | Therapeutic Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Single emulsion | PLGA | 200~300 | Enhanced anticancer activity | [18] | |
Compritol ATO 888, gelucire | ~200 | Rats, 20 mg/kg, oral | 4-Fold enhancement of oral bioavailability | [19] | |
Double emulsion | Poly-N-acetyl glucosamine, PVA | 185 | Mice, ~150 mg/kg, subcutaneous injection | Inhibited tumor growth 43%, 31% | [20] |
Nano-precipitate | PVP, PEG200, PEG4000, P123 | 20~40 | Mice, 5 mg/kg, subcutaneous injection | Reduced tumor and increased lifespan | [21] |
Gum rosin, oleic acid, PVA, polysorbate 80 | 50–90 | Wistar female albino rats, 20, 40, 80 mg/kg, oral | Significantly decreased blood glucose level and glycated hemoglobin | [22] | |
Ionic gelation | Chitosan, TPP | 150 | Male Wistar rats, 2.52 mg/kg, intranasal | 15-Fold higher brain targeting efficiency | [23] |
Film rehydration | Liposomes | 100 | More potent anti-proliferative activity | [24] | |
Cold wet-milling | HPC-SSL | 143 | Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 2 mg/kg, oral | 6-Fold enhancement of oral bioavailability | [16] |
Thermal Stress | Complexity | Scale-Up Principle | Organic Solvent | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ball Mill Emax (wet milling) | Yes | >50 cycles | Top-down | No |
Microfluidizer® | No | 5–6 cycles | Bottom-up (single emulsion) | Yes |
NanoAssemblr™ | No | 1-step | Bottom-up (nano-precipitate) | Yes |
MicroJet Reactor (MJR®) | No | 1-step | Bottom-up (nano-precipitate) | Yes |
Nano Spray Dryer B-90 (spray-drying) | No | 1-step | Bottom-up (freeze-dry) | Yes |
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El-Far, A.H.; Al Jaouni, S.K.; Li, W.; Mousa, S.A. Protective Roles of Thymoquinone Nanoformulations: Potential Nanonutraceuticals in Human Diseases. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1369. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101369
El-Far AH, Al Jaouni SK, Li W, Mousa SA. Protective Roles of Thymoquinone Nanoformulations: Potential Nanonutraceuticals in Human Diseases. Nutrients. 2018; 10(10):1369. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101369
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl-Far, Ali H., Soad K. Al Jaouni, Weikun Li, and Shaker A. Mousa. 2018. "Protective Roles of Thymoquinone Nanoformulations: Potential Nanonutraceuticals in Human Diseases" Nutrients 10, no. 10: 1369. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101369