Global Surface Net-Radiation at 5 km from MODIS Terra
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Estimation of Instantaneous Net-Radiation at Satellite Overpass Time
2.2. Instantaneous to Daily Net-Radiation
2.3. MODIS Data
2.4. Net Radiation Measurements from FLUXNET and SURFRAD
2.5. CERES Net-Radiation
2.6. Statistical Analyses
2.6.1. Evaluation of MODIS Net-Radiation
2.6.2. Comparison with Net-Radiation from CERES
3. Results
3.1. Agreement between Instantaneous MODIS and Measured Net-Radiation at Satellite Overpass Time
3.2. Agreement between Integrated Daytime MODIS and Measured Net-Radiation
3.3. Agreement between MODIS and the CERES Net-Radiation
3.3.1. Validation of CERES with Tower Data
3.3.2. Comparison of MODIS with CERES
4. Discussion
4.1. Reliability and Accuracy of MODIS Net-Radiation
4.2. Sensitivity of Estimated Net-Radiation to Gap Filling and NCEP Data
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Component of Net-Radiation | Data Products Used in Calculation |
---|---|
Downwelling shortwave | Cloud optical thickness, cloud top altitude, and solar zenith angle from the MODIS cloud product (MOD06, 5 km, daily) |
Aerosol optical thickness at 550 nm from the aerosol product (MOD04, 10 km, daily) | |
Radiative transfer model | |
Upwelling shortwave | For clear days, shortwave albedo from the MODIS albedo product (MCD43B, 500 m, eight-day) |
Ratio of direct and diffuse radiation from a look-up table | |
For cloudy days, albedo based on land cover | |
Land cover from the MODIS land surface dynamics product (MCD12, 500 m, yearly) | |
Downwelling longwave | Atmospheric profile from MOD07 for clear days |
Estimation of the emissivity of near surface atmosphere from temperature and moisture | |
For cloudy days near surface temperature and humidity from NCEP | |
Upwelling longwave | Land surface temperature for clear days from MOD11 |
Estimates of broadband emissivity from the emissivity in Band 31 (10.78–11.28 μm) and 32 (11.77–12.27 μm) from MOD11 | |
For cloudy days, emissivity based on land cover and temperature from NCEP | |
Spatial averaging to fill gaps |
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Verma, M.; Fisher, J.B.; Mallick, K.; Ryu, Y.; Kobayashi, H.; Guillaume, A.; Moore, G.; Ramakrishnan, L.; Hendrix, V.; Wolf, S.; et al. Global Surface Net-Radiation at 5 km from MODIS Terra. Remote Sens. 2016, 8, 739. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8090739
Verma M, Fisher JB, Mallick K, Ryu Y, Kobayashi H, Guillaume A, Moore G, Ramakrishnan L, Hendrix V, Wolf S, et al. Global Surface Net-Radiation at 5 km from MODIS Terra. Remote Sensing. 2016; 8(9):739. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8090739
Chicago/Turabian StyleVerma, Manish, Joshua B. Fisher, Kaniska Mallick, Youngryel Ryu, Hideki Kobayashi, Alexandre Guillaume, Gregory Moore, Lavanya Ramakrishnan, Valerie Hendrix, Sebastian Wolf, and et al. 2016. "Global Surface Net-Radiation at 5 km from MODIS Terra" Remote Sensing 8, no. 9: 739. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8090739