Deformation Evaluation of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) Central Route over Handan in Hebei, China, Based on Sentinel-1A, Radarsat-2, and TerraSAR-X Datasets
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Datasets
2.2. PS-InSAR Processing
2.3. Deformation Evaluation Based on Combined PS-InSAR Results
3. Results
3.1. PS-InSAR Results Derived from Different SAR Datasets
3.1.1. The Open Canal
3.1.2. Ancillary Facilities
3.2. Deformation Evaluation Combining the three Datasets
3.3. Influence from Different Orbit Directions
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sentinel-1A (S1A) | Radarsat-2 (RSAT2) | TerraSAR-X (TSX) | |
---|---|---|---|
Wavelength | C-band (5.6 cm) | C-band (5.6 cm) | X-band (3.2 cm) |
Range pixel spacing | 2.3 m | 2.7 m | 1.4 m |
Azimuth pixel spacing | 13.9 m | 2.9 m | 1.9 m |
Heading () | 347° | 349° | 190° |
Incident angle () | 39° | 35.5° | 41° |
Repeat orbit | 12 days | 24 days | 11 days |
Orbit direction | ascending | ascending | descending |
Polarizations | VV | HH | HH |
Time period | 20150617–20160331 | 20150404–20160305 | 20150524–20160212 |
Reference image | 20151003 | 20150826 | 20151014 |
No. of images | 18 | 14 | 15 |
Parameters of PS-InSAR | Values |
---|---|
amplitude dispersion index | 0.4 |
filter_grid_size | 50 |
density_rand | 20 |
weed_standard_dev | 1.0 |
weed_max_noise | 1.0 |
unwrap_method | 3D |
unwrap_prefilter_flag | yes |
unwrap_grid_size (m) | 200 |
unwrap_gold_n_win | 32 |
unwrap_time_win (d) | 730 |
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Xiong, S.; Deng, Z.; Zhang, B.; Wang, C.; Qin, X.; Li, Q. Deformation Evaluation of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) Central Route over Handan in Hebei, China, Based on Sentinel-1A, Radarsat-2, and TerraSAR-X Datasets. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 3516. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143516
Xiong S, Deng Z, Zhang B, Wang C, Qin X, Li Q. Deformation Evaluation of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) Central Route over Handan in Hebei, China, Based on Sentinel-1A, Radarsat-2, and TerraSAR-X Datasets. Remote Sensing. 2023; 15(14):3516. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143516
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiong, Siting, Zhichao Deng, Bochen Zhang, Chisheng Wang, Xiaoqiong Qin, and Qingquan Li. 2023. "Deformation Evaluation of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) Central Route over Handan in Hebei, China, Based on Sentinel-1A, Radarsat-2, and TerraSAR-X Datasets" Remote Sensing 15, no. 14: 3516. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143516