Response of Multi-Incidence Angle Polarimetric RADARSAT-2 Data to Herbaceous Vegetation Features in the Lower Paraná River Floodplain, Argentina
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Field Sampling
2.3. Scene Acquisition and Processing
2.4. Single Polarization and Phase Difference Analyses
2.5. Effects of Vegetation Features on Backscattering Coefficients
3. Results
3.1. Multivariate Models on the Effect of Vegetation Features
3.2. Phase Difference Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Date (2018) | Beam | Mean Angle | Orbit Direction | Wind Speed (km/h) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 4 February | FQ 10 | 30.0 | Ascending | 7 |
2 | 6 February | FQ 2 | 20.7 | Descending | 0 |
3 | 7 February | FQ 26 | 45.1 | Ascending | 4 |
4 | 11 February | FQ 5 | 24.4 | Ascending | 11 |
5 | 13 February | FQ 8 | 27.8 | Descending | 4 |
6 | 14 February | FQ 21 | 40.9 | Ascending | 11 |
7 | 17 February | FQ 29 | 47.4 | Descending | 6 |
8 | 20 February | FQ 13 | 33.2 | Descending | 11 |
9 | 21 February | FQ 16 | 36.2 | Ascending | 11 |
10 | 27 February | FQ 18 | 38.2 | Descending | 9 |
11 | 28 February | FQ 10 | 30.0 | Ascending | 11 |
Dominant Species | Schoenoplectus californicus | Ludwigia peruviana | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sampling site | Sch-1 | Sch-2 | Sch-3 | Sch-4 | Ludw-1 | Ludw-2 | Ludw-3 |
Accompanying species | - Emergent: Ludwigia peruviana, Panicum elephantipes, Polygonum punctatum, Mikania micrantha, Solanum amigdallyfolium. | - Emergent: Pontederia cordata, Eichhornia crassipes, Ludwigia peruviana, Oplismenopsis najada, Sagittaria montevidensis. - Floating: Azolla filiculoides. | - Emergent: Ludwigia peruviana, Polygonum acuminatum. - Floating: Salvinia biloba (*); Salvinia auriculata, Azolla filiculoides, Nymphoides indica. - Submerged: Ceratophyllum demersum. | - Emergent: Ludwigia peruviana, Ludwigia peploides, Echinochloa helodes, Eichhornia crassipes. - Floating: Azolla filiculoides. | - Emergent: Oplismenopsis najada, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Luziola peruviana. - Floating: Azolla filiculoides. | - Emergent: Myriophyllum aquaticum. - Floating: Salvinia auriculata, Nymphoides indica. | - Emergent: Ludwigia peploides, Echinochloa helodes, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Eichhornia crassipes. |
Water level (cm) | 15 | 52 | 120 | 60 | 43 | 55 | 55 |
Intercepted fPAR light (%) | 61–74 | 74–94 | NA | 90–99 | 57–59 | NA | 29–59 |
Estimated coverage of the emergent vegetation (%) | 65 | 65–85 | 65–85 | 85 | 65 | 65–85 | 40–85 |
No. stems m−2 | 48 green, 32 dry | 64–96 green, 32–96 dry | 128–208 green, 48 dry | 96–176 green, 208–240 dry | 128–144 green | 128–208 green | 112–144 green |
Emergent green biomass (g·m−2) | 352 | 912–944 | 784–1696 | 2512–2528 | 176–384 | 352–384 | 80–784 |
Emergent total biomass (g·m−2) | 624 | 960–1600 | 1056–1716 | 2804–2976 | 176–384 | 352–384 | 80–784 |
Maximum emergent height (cm) | 154 | 226 | 298 | 300 | 80 | 85 | 66 |
Mean emergent height (cm) | 119 | 156 | 138 | 210.5 | 63 | 37 | 33 |
Mean stem diameter (mm) | 11.2 | 10.35 | 10 | 12.76 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.5 |
Moisture content (%) | 62 | 67–70.1 | 66–67 | 72–77 | 77–80 | 69–75 | 75–78 |
Explanatory Variable | Schoenoplectus californicus | Ludwigia peruviana | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HH | HV | VV | HH | HV | VV | |
Incidence angle | (−), p < 0.0001, 64.3% | (−), p = 0.0213, 12.0% | (−), p = 0.0155, 13.2% | (−), p < 0.0001, 72.3% | . | (−), p = 0.0145, 18.3% |
Emergent plant height | (+), p = 0.0307, 10.6% | (+), p = 0.0005, 25.1% | (+), p = 0.0353, 10.1% | . | (−), p < 0.0001, 55.8% | . |
Number of green stems | . | (+), p = 0.0038, 18.2% | . | . | (−), p < 0.0001, 14.1% | . |
Stem diameter | . | (+), p < 0.0001, 37.5% | . | . | (+), p = 0.0002, 38.4% | . |
Emergent green biomass | . | (+), p < 0.0001, 39.3% | . | . | (+), p < 0.0001, 75.6% | . |
Moisture content | (+), p = 0.0206, 12.1% | (+), p < 0.0001, 21.2% | (+), p = 0.0041, 18.0% | . | . | . |
Species | Polarization | Model | DF | AIC | % Explained |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Schoenoplectus californicus | HH | −10.83–1.29 incidence angle +0.94 emergent plant height −0.57 stem diameter | 40 | 103.7 | 80.6 |
HV | −17.00–0.50 incidence angle +0.63 number of green stems +0.90 stem diameter | 40 | 115.2 | 68.7 | |
VV | −11.36–0.64 incidence angle +1.98 emergent plant height −1.93 stem diameter | 40 | 67.0 | 78.1 | |
Ludwigia peruviana | HH | −7.88–1.34 incidence angle +0.36 stem diameter | 29 | 79.7 | 77.3 |
HV | −14.46–0.57 incidence angle +1.96 emergent green biomass −0.43 interaction (biomass:incidence angle) | 28 | 90.8 | 85.2 | |
VV | −9.38–0.35 incidence angle | 30 | 77.1 | 18.3 |
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Morandeira, N.S.; Barber, M.E.; Grings, F.M.; Ahern, F.; Kandus, P.; Brisco, B. Response of Multi-Incidence Angle Polarimetric RADARSAT-2 Data to Herbaceous Vegetation Features in the Lower Paraná River Floodplain, Argentina. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 2518. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132518
Morandeira NS, Barber ME, Grings FM, Ahern F, Kandus P, Brisco B. Response of Multi-Incidence Angle Polarimetric RADARSAT-2 Data to Herbaceous Vegetation Features in the Lower Paraná River Floodplain, Argentina. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13(13):2518. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132518
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorandeira, Natalia Soledad, Matías Ernesto Barber, Francisco Matías Grings, Frank Ahern, Patricia Kandus, and Brian Brisco. 2021. "Response of Multi-Incidence Angle Polarimetric RADARSAT-2 Data to Herbaceous Vegetation Features in the Lower Paraná River Floodplain, Argentina" Remote Sensing 13, no. 13: 2518. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132518