Deteriorated Water Quality of Agricultural Catchments in South China by Net Anthropogenic Phosphorus Inputs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Data Sources
2.2. NAPI Estimation
2.3. Estimation of Riverine Net TP Export
2.4. Soil P Measurement
2.5. Gray Relational Analysis
3. Results
3.1. NAPI Estimation and Its Constituents
3.2. Riverine TP Export and Its Correlation with NAPI
3.3. Correlation between NAPI and Soil P
3.4. Factor Analysis of NAPI
4. Discussion
4.1. The Characteristics of NAPI in the Eight Catchments
4.2. The Influencing Factors of NAPI and Mitigation Strategies
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
APL | Annual Phosphorus Export Loading |
GRA | Gray relational analysis |
GRG | Gray relational grade |
LD | Livestock density |
NAPI | Net anthropogenic phosphorus input |
NAPIc | NAPI for cropland |
NAPIr | NAPI for residential land |
TP | Total phosphorus |
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Catchment | Area | Population Density | Livestock Density | Land Use (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(ha) | (Person ha−1) | (AU ha−1) | Cropland | Forest | Tea Garden | Residential Land | |
Bamaotian (BMT) | 58.6 | 3.1 | 0.72 | 24.4 | 63.8 | 6.7 | 2.8 |
Dongshanqiao (DSQ) | 299.6 | 1.9 | 1.04 | 25.0 | 68.0 | 4.0 | 2.0 |
Guanjia (GJ) | 2590.5 | 1.6 | 0.21 | 16.9 | 80.1 | 0.1 | 1.6 |
Jinjng (JJ) | 13,442.4 | 4.1 | 0.77 | 24.9 | 67.2 | 2.4 | 2.6 |
Jianshan (JS) | 5024.1 | 3.4 | 0.51 | 18.5 | 77.3 | 0.9 | 1.7 |
Shuiba (SB) | 263.8 | 3.1 | 1.70 | 37.0 | 55.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 |
Tuanjia (TJ) | 523.9 | 0.9 | 0.40 | 10.0 | 85.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
Tuojiahe (TJH) | 5211.6 | 4.7 | 0.92 | 31.7 | 58.5 | 4.3 | 3.3 |
Animal and Human P Consumption [16,17] | P Content in Agricultural Crop Products [18] | Non-Food P [19] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Animal Type | Consumption (P Intake Rate, kg P Capita −1 Year−1) | Animal Production (kg P Capita Year−1) | Crop Type | P (g kg−1) | Type | kg P Capita −1 Year−1 |
Pigs | 4.59 | 1.42 | Paddy | 1.10 | Detergent | 0.63 |
Cattle | 10.99 | 1.21 | Vegetable | 0.30 | ||
Chickens | 0.12 | 0.06 | Fruits | 0.13 | ||
Ducks | 0.22 | 0.12 |
NAPI | Land Use (%) | Livestock Density (AU ha−1) | Population Density (Person km−2) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cropland | Residential Land | Forest | |||
GRD | 0.9065 | 0.8713 | 0.6513 | 0.9266 | 0.7743 |
ranking | 2 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 4 |
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Meng, C.; Wang, Y.; Li, Y.; Zhou, J.; Li, Y.; Wu, J. Deteriorated Water Quality of Agricultural Catchments in South China by Net Anthropogenic Phosphorus Inputs. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1480. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091480
Meng C, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhou J, Li Y, Wu J. Deteriorated Water Quality of Agricultural Catchments in South China by Net Anthropogenic Phosphorus Inputs. Sustainability. 2017; 9(9):1480. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091480
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeng, Cen, Yi Wang, Yuyan Li, Jiaogen Zhou, Yong Li, and Jinshui Wu. 2017. "Deteriorated Water Quality of Agricultural Catchments in South China by Net Anthropogenic Phosphorus Inputs" Sustainability 9, no. 9: 1480. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091480