Visitors’ Experience, Place Attachment and Sustainable Behaviour at Cultural Heritage Sites: A Conceptual Framework
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Basis
2.1. Sustainable Behaviour of Heritage Visitors
2.2. The Tourism Experience at Heritage Sites
2.3. Place Attachment at Heritage Sites
3. Development of a Conceptual Framework
3.1. Tourism Experience at Heritage Sites and Place Attachment
3.2. Place Attachment and Sustainable Behaviour of Heritage Visitors
3.3. Tourism Experience at Heritage Sites and Visitors’ Sustainable Heritage Behaviour
4. Scale Development and Model Testing
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Terms | Definitions | Key Concepts | References |
---|---|---|---|
Environmentally Responsible Behaviour | Actions motivated by the desire to interact with the environment in more responsible ways. Actions aimed at supporting a more sustainable use of natural resources, at mitigating a negative environmental impact of home and tourism activities, and at contributing to environmental preservation and/or conservation efforts. | Interaction | [17,35,45] |
Environmentally Concerned Behaviour | The positive attitudes aimed at preserving the environment, also through indirect effects. | Commitment | [36,37,38,39,46] |
Environmentally Significant Behaviour | Changes in the individual’s behaviour aimed at improving the environment. | Changes | [40] |
Pro-environmental Behaviour | Behaviour exhibited by individuals who engage in actions to protect the environment and minimize any negative impact on the natural and built world. | Engagement Emphasis with nature | [40,41,42,43] |
Sustainable Behaviour | A behaviour by individuals who act with more sustainable considerations. | Awareness | [44] |
CONCEPT | Dimensions | References |
---|---|---|
General Behavior | Civil actions
| Adapted from [1,17,39,50] |
Educational actions
| Adapted from [1,50,51] | |
Financial actions
| Adapted from [1,16,17,27,39,50] | |
Persuasive actions
| Adapted from [17,39,50] | |
Legal actions
| Adapted from [17,50] | |
Site-specific Behavior |
| Adapted from [17,27,28] |
General Heritage Visitors’ Sustainable Behaviour |
---|
(1) I would be willing to pay much higher taxes in order to protect the cultural heritage. |
(2) I am a member of one or more organisations concerned with the support and the protection of cultural heritage. |
(3) In the last year, I have signed one or more petitions to support cultural heritage protection. |
(4) In the future, I would be willing to sign one or more petitions to support cultural heritage protection. |
(5) In the past, I have written one or more letters to government officials about the need of more cultural heritage protection. |
(6) In the future, I would be willing to write one or more letters to government officials about the need of more cultural heritage protection. |
(7) I have voted for elected officials that support cultural heritage protection. |
(8) I insist on candidates who consider cultural heritage protection a priority. |
(9) I usually donate money to organisations concerned with the protection and improvement of cultural heritage. |
(10) I usually give time to support a pro-cultural heritage protection organization. |
(11) I usually attend meetings in the community about the protection of cultural heritage. |
(12) I usually read publications about the protection of cultural heritage. |
(13) I usually watch TV programs about cultural heritage protection issues. |
(14) I usually read books, publications and other material about cultural heritage problems. |
(15) I am interested in learning how to solve issues related to cultural heritage protection. |
(16) I avoid the use or purchase of certain products because of their negative impact on cultural heritage. |
(17) I buy products from companies involved in the protection of cultural heritage. |
(18) I buy products from firms that are careful to the history, traditions and identity of communities. |
(19) I make a special effort to buy products related to the history and culture of local communities. |
(20) I usually talk with others about the protection of cultural heritage. |
(21) I usually talk with parents about the protection of cultural heritage. |
(22) I promote the protection of cultural heritage. |
(23) I promote the need to have a more responsible behaviour when visiting cultural heritage sites. |
(24) I try to convince friends to act responsibly when visiting cultural heritage sites. |
(25) I persuade others to adopt pro-heritage behaviours. |
(26) I convince someone to visit less crowded heritage sites in order to protect and enhance cultural heritage. |
(27) I convince someone not to visit crowded heritage sites in order to protect and enhance cultural heritage. |
(28) I convince someone to buy products from firms that are careful or involved in the protection of cultural heritage. |
(29) I convince someone to donate time or money for the protection of cultural heritage. |
(30) I report someone who violates a law or laws that protect our cultural heritage to the proper authorities. |
Site-Specific Heritage Visitors’ Sustainable Behaviour |
(1) I have adopted a work of art at a specific cultural heritage site. |
(2) In the future, I would be willing to adopt a work of art at a specific cultural heritage site. |
(3) I usually join in community efforts dedicated to protect a specific cultural heritage site. |
(4) I do volunteer work for a group that helps the protection of a specific cultural heritage site. |
(5) I support the protection of a specific cultural heritage site with money. |
(6) I have intention to donate money to a specific cultural heritage site for its protection. |
(7) I would be willing to pay much higher entrance tickets to visit a specific cultural heritage site. |
(8) I donate money to support a specific cultural heritage site. |
(9) I think a good idea to protect a specific cultural heritage site is to limit the number of people who visit it. |
(10) I think stricter mandatory regulations should be developed for visitors in an effort to minimize their negative impacts at a specific cultural heritage site. |
(11) I think the scientific monitoring of the state of a specific cultural heritage site should be increased in order to ensure its protection. |
(12) After visiting a specific cultural heritage site, I leave the place as it was before. |
(13) I convince someone to respect the specific cultural heritage site they are visiting. |
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Buonincontri, P.; Marasco, A.; Ramkissoon, H. Visitors’ Experience, Place Attachment and Sustainable Behaviour at Cultural Heritage Sites: A Conceptual Framework. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1112. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071112
Buonincontri P, Marasco A, Ramkissoon H. Visitors’ Experience, Place Attachment and Sustainable Behaviour at Cultural Heritage Sites: A Conceptual Framework. Sustainability. 2017; 9(7):1112. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071112
Chicago/Turabian StyleBuonincontri, Piera, Alessandra Marasco, and Haywantee Ramkissoon. 2017. "Visitors’ Experience, Place Attachment and Sustainable Behaviour at Cultural Heritage Sites: A Conceptual Framework" Sustainability 9, no. 7: 1112. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071112