Regional Economic Resilience: Resistance and Recoverability of Resource-Based Cities during Economic Crises in Northeast China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. The Resilience of RBCs to Major Recessions
3.1. Major Recessionary Shocks
3.2. Measuring Resistance and Recoverability
4. Determinants of the Resilience of RBCs in Northeast China
4.1. Determinants of Regional Resilience
4.2. Geographical Detector
5. Discussion and Conclusions
5.1. Economic Resilience Characteristics of RBCs
5.2. Attributes of Resilience Vary across Different Economic Cycles
5.3. Industry Structure and Economic Resilience
5.4. Global Price, Resource Supply, and Economic Resilience
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Recession (1996–1999) | Recovery (1999–2007) | Recession (2007–2014) | |
---|---|---|---|
Multi-resource | −1.48 | 0.72 | −0.83 |
Petroleum | −1.06 | 0.14 | −0.10 |
Metal | 0.45 | 0.49 | −0.33 |
Coal | −1.46 | 0.34 | −1.28 |
Forestry | −1.79 | 0.35 | −0.69 |
Resistance (1997–1999) | Recoverability (1999–2007) | Resistance (2007–2014) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Secondary Industry | Tertiary Industry | Secondary Industry | Tertiary Industry | Secondary Industry | Tertiary Industry | |
Anshan | 1.15 | −0.6 | 2.04 | −0.58 | −0.74 | 0.22 |
Fushun | 0.82 | 3.5 | 1.15 | −0.39 | −0.63 | 0 |
Benxi | 1.94 | −2.8 | 3.46 | 0.23 | −0.17 | 0.05 |
Fuxin | 2.04 | −2.8 | 0.45 | 0.43 | −0.83 | −0.11 |
Panjin | −0.27 | −0.6 | −1.05 | −0.74 | 0.7 | 0.22 |
Huludao | −1.03 | 3.8 | 0.59 | −0.61 | −0.5 | −0.16 |
Jilin | 1.44 | 0.32 | 0.81 | 0.53 | −0.92 | −0.62 |
Liaoyuan | −6.23 | −4.43 | 0.27 | 0.74 | −1.7 | −0.36 |
Tonghua | 1.49 | 3.92 | 0.53 | 0.42 | −1.32 | −0.53 |
Baishan | 0.99 | −10.9 | 0.4 | 1.62 | −1.66 | −0.68 |
Songyuan | 2.05 | 13.09 | 1.1 | −0.03 | −1.58 | −1.42 |
Jixi | 0.16 | −3.7 | 0.35 | −0.71 | −2.12 | 0.31 |
Hegang | −0.87 | −3.6 | 1.12 | −0.37 | −1.47 | −0.36 |
Shuangyashan | −1.48 | −4.3 | 0.43 | −0.37 | −3.56 | −0.86 |
Daqing | 1 | 1.5 | 0.49 | −1.12 | −5.42 | −1.19 |
Yichun | 0.44 | −10.5 | −0.65 | 0.86 | 0.18 | −0.09 |
Qitaihe | −1 | −5.3 | −5.2 | −0.84 | −3.59 | −1.29 |
Mudanjiang | 1 | −2.6 | 11.59 | −0.69 | −1.13 | −0.54 |
Heihe | −1.91 | 3.5 | 0.44 | −1.13 | −0.4 | 0.49 |
Urban | Supporting Policies | Assigned Value |
---|---|---|
Anshan, Benxi, Songyuan, Jixi, Mudanjiang | Policy support for general resource-based cities | 1 |
Hegang, Shuangyashan | Policy support for third batch of resource-exhausted cities | 2 |
Tonghua (Erdaojiang district) | Policy support for third batch of resource-exhausted districts | 2 |
Fushun, Qitaihe | Policy support for second batch of resource-exhausted cities | 3 |
Jilin (Shulan), Heihe (Wudalianchi) | Policy support for second batch of resource-exhausted counties | 3 |
Huludao (Nanpiao district) | Policy support for second batch of resource-exhausted districts | 3 |
Daqing | Policy support for experimental resource-based cities for economic transition | 4 |
Fuxin, Panjin, Liaoyuan, Baishan, Yichun | Policy support for experimental resource-based cities for economic transition and first batch of resource-exhausted cities | 4 |
Factors | PD,U | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Resistance (1997–1999) | Recoverability (1999–2008) | Resistance (2008–2014) | ||
Urban Development | Location (X1) | 0.544 | 0.279 | 0.175 |
Resource availability (X2) | 0.132 | −0.191 | 0.502 | |
Urban scale (X3) | 0.724 | −0.330 | 0.323 | |
Economic basis (X4) | 0.178 | −0.357 | −0.295 | |
Industrial Structure | Industrial specialization (X5) | −0.219 | 0.205 | 0.159 |
Proportion of tertiary industry (X6) | −0.296 | −0.350 | 0.307 | |
R & D intensity (X7) | 0.171 | 0.295 | 0.249 | |
Proportion of employed persons in resource industries (X8) | −0.182 | −0.132 | −0.102 | |
Labor Condition | Unemployment rate (X9) | −0.249 | 0.242 | −0.499 |
Proportion of employee for scientific research and technical services (X10) | 0.441 | −0.460 | 0.212 | |
Financial Arrangement | Foreign trade dependence ratio (X11) | 0.151 | 0.119 | 0.312 |
Cumulative per capita fiscal revenue (X12) | 0.511 | −0.190 | 0.299 | |
Governance | Policy support (X13) | -- | 0.057 | 0.497 |
Cumulative per capita investment in fixed assets (X14) | 0.213 | −0.427 | 0.251 |
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Tan, J.; Lo, K.; Qiu, F.; Liu, W.; Li, J.; Zhang, P. Regional Economic Resilience: Resistance and Recoverability of Resource-Based Cities during Economic Crises in Northeast China. Sustainability 2017, 9, 2136. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122136
Tan J, Lo K, Qiu F, Liu W, Li J, Zhang P. Regional Economic Resilience: Resistance and Recoverability of Resource-Based Cities during Economic Crises in Northeast China. Sustainability. 2017; 9(12):2136. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122136
Chicago/Turabian StyleTan, Juntao, Kevin Lo, Fangdao Qiu, Wenxin Liu, Jing Li, and Pingyu Zhang. 2017. "Regional Economic Resilience: Resistance and Recoverability of Resource-Based Cities during Economic Crises in Northeast China" Sustainability 9, no. 12: 2136. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122136