Water Table Control for Increasing Yield and Saving Water in Cranberry Production
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
Characteristic | Site A | Site B | Site C |
---|---|---|---|
General information | |||
Location | 46°16′ N–71°57′ W | 46°17′ N–71°59′ W | 46°16′ N–72°01′ W |
Production | Conventional | Organic | Organic |
Bed properties | |||
Number of beds | 6 | 3 | 3 |
Dimensions of one bed (m × m) | 457 × 46 | 479 × 52 | 404 × 52 |
Subsurface Drainage | |||
Spacing (m) | 11.4 | 15.2 | 15.2 |
Depth (m) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
Slope (%) | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.15 |
Sprinklers system | |||
Sprinkler spacing (m) | 18 | 15 | 15 |
Irrigation line spacing (m) | 15 | 18 | 18 |
April | May | June | July | August | September | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Air Temperature (°C) | ||||||
2013 | 4.5 | 13.5 | 15.4 | 20.5 | 18.0 | 13.4 |
2014 | 3.9 | 12.3 | 18.2 | 19.8 | 18.4 | 13.7 |
Ave 1981–2010 | 4.3 | 11.4 | 16.7 | 19.3 | 18.1 | 13.6 |
GDD z | ||||||
2013 | 52 | 255 | 312 | 472 | 408 | 258 |
2014 | 30 | 229 | 376 | 460 | 409 | 264 |
Ave 1981–2010 | 48 | 203 | 353 | 443 | 407 | 261 |
Rainfall (mm) | ||||||
2013 | 38 | 153 | 126 | 87 | 144 | 118 |
2014 | 123 | 59 | 106 | 86 | 133 | 56 |
Ave 1981–2010 | 66 | 106 | 127 | 130 | 119 | 112 |
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. First Criterion: Increasing Yield without Decreasing Fruit Quality
3.1.1. Relationship between Yield and WTD
3.1.2. Mapping the WTD
3.1.3. Mapping the Yield
3.1.4. Yield Components
3.1.5. Fruit Quality Parameters
3.2. Second Criteria: Minimal Use of Sprinkler Irrigation
Site | Beds | 2013 | 2014 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Irrigation (mm) | WTD (cm) | Irrigation (mm) | WTD (cm) | ||
A | 1–5–7 | 36 | 52 ± 15 | 48 | 65 ± 16 |
2–3–6 | 24 | 58 ± 18 | 36 | 60 ± 16 | |
B | 1–2 | 120 | 72 ± 9 | 72 | 66 ± 12 |
3 | 120 | 89 ± 12 | 168 | 75 ± 12 | |
C | 1 West | 102 | 90 ± 12 | 144 | 75 ± 8 |
1 East–2–3 | 0 | 61 ± 9 | 24 | 58 ± 9 |
3.3. Third Criteria: Fast drainage
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
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Pelletier, V.; Gallichand, J.; Gumiere, S.; Pepin, S.; Caron, J. Water Table Control for Increasing Yield and Saving Water in Cranberry Production. Sustainability 2015, 7, 10602-10619. https://doi.org/10.3390/su70810602
Pelletier V, Gallichand J, Gumiere S, Pepin S, Caron J. Water Table Control for Increasing Yield and Saving Water in Cranberry Production. Sustainability. 2015; 7(8):10602-10619. https://doi.org/10.3390/su70810602
Chicago/Turabian StylePelletier, Vincent, Jacques Gallichand, Silvio Gumiere, Steeve Pepin, and Jean Caron. 2015. "Water Table Control for Increasing Yield and Saving Water in Cranberry Production" Sustainability 7, no. 8: 10602-10619. https://doi.org/10.3390/su70810602