Sustainability Assessment of Smallholder Farmland Systems: Healthy Farmland System Assessment Framework
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Construction of HFSAF
2.2. Designation of Indicator System
2.3. Regionalization of Indicator System
2.4. Method of Multi-Level Aggregation
2.5. Method of Composite Assessment
3. Study Area and Data
3.1. Study Area
3.2. Data and Processing
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Necessary Weightings of HFSAF
4.2. Composite Assessment of Indicator System
4.3. Multi-Level Refinement Analysis
4.4. Overall Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scientific Theory | Stressed Sustainability Theme |
---|---|
Healthy farmland [8] | Production function, quality of agro-products, self-regulation ability |
Healthy production capacity [39,40] | Soil environment, landscape environment, natural production resources, engineering facilities resources, self-regulation ability, utilization intensity, quality of agro-products, production function, ecological safety, welfare of members |
Soil quality [41] | Ecological function, production function, soil environment, landscape environment, member well-being |
Soil health [42] | Production function, ecological function, environmental quality, member welfare |
Cultivated land health [43] | Production function, ecological function, environmental quality, quality of agro-products, self-regulation ability |
Dimension | Vision | Theme | Sub-Theme | Basic Indicator |
---|---|---|---|---|
Environmental (Envi-D) | Ecological-security | Soil-environment-quality | Soil-cleanliness; Soil-organic-matter-degradation-degree; Soil-PH; Soil-salinization-degree; Soil-erosion-degree | |
Landscape-environment-quality | Irrigation-water-environment; Atmospheric-bulk-deposition; Historical-meteorological-disaster-rate | |||
Production-resource | Natural-resource | Cultivated-land- quantity-retention-rate | Cultivated-land-perennial-average-reduction-rate | |
Engineering-facility | Soil-basic-productivity | Soil-productivity; Feasible-productive-capacity | ||
Ditch | Ditch-density | |||
Road | Road-accessibility | |||
Shelterbelt | Shelterbelt-density | |||
Field | Field-conditions | |||
Management | Use-intensity | Cultivation-intensity | ||
Planting-structure | Crop-abundance | |||
System-elastic | Production-function-sustainability | Soil-productivity-fluctuation; Potential-productivity | ||
Ecology-function-sustainability | Pedodiversity; Soil-microbial-activity; Soil-texture; Soil-organic-matter; Agrobiodiversity; Wetland-proportion; Emi-Natural-buffer-proportion; Soil-water-conservation-capacity; Gas-regulation-capacity; Environmental-purification-capacity | |||
System-self-regulation-ability | Terrain; Landscape-diversity; Landscape-heterogeneity; Vegetation-coverage; Source-Sink-landscape-area-ratio | |||
Economic (Eco-D) | Economic-benefit | Economic-benefit | Average-annual-output | |
Economic-stability | Economic-stability | Per-capita-GDP | ||
Social (Soc-D) | Member-welfare | Member-welfare | Per-capita-income | |
Agro-product-quality | Agro-product-security | Food-safety | ||
Agro-product-character | Main-nutrient-content | |||
Agro-activity-dependence | Agro-activity-dependence | Agricultural-labor-proportion |
Soil Type | Soil Subtype | Area (ha) | Summation (ha) |
---|---|---|---|
Chernozem | Chernozem | 1354.64 | 198,803.39 |
Calcic Chernozem | 34,280.55 | ||
Light Chernozem | 130,613.35 | ||
Meadow Chernozem | 3364.83 | ||
Salinized Chernozems | 29,190.02 | ||
Sandy Soil | Meadow Sandy Soil | 25,235.59 | 54,003.52 |
Fixed Grassland Sandy Soil | 28,354.89 | ||
Semi-fixed Grassland Sandy Soil | 413.04 | ||
Meadow Soil | Calcareous Meadow Soil | 13,941.96 | 115,781.26 |
Saline Meadow Soil | 101,839.30 | ||
Alluvial Soil | Alluvial Soil | 26,701.07 | 39,736.32 |
Alluvium | 13,035.25 | ||
Alkali Soil | Meadow Alkali Soil | 36,897.74 | 36,897.74 |
Stony Soil | Acid Stony Soil | 35.48 | 35.48 |
Solonchak | Meadow Solonchak | 1601.59 | 1601.59 |
Boggy Soil | 24,927.55 | 24,927.55 | |
Chestnut Soil | Dark Chestnut Soil | 243.87 | 243.87 |
Paddy Soil | Submergienc Paddy Soil | 442.31 | 442.31 |
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Lv, Y.; Zhang, C.; Ma, J.; Yun, W.; Gao, L.; Li, P. Sustainability Assessment of Smallholder Farmland Systems: Healthy Farmland System Assessment Framework. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4525. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174525
Lv Y, Zhang C, Ma J, Yun W, Gao L, Li P. Sustainability Assessment of Smallholder Farmland Systems: Healthy Farmland System Assessment Framework. Sustainability. 2019; 11(17):4525. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174525
Chicago/Turabian StyleLv, Yahui, Chao Zhang, Jiani Ma, Wenju Yun, Lulu Gao, and Pengshan Li. 2019. "Sustainability Assessment of Smallholder Farmland Systems: Healthy Farmland System Assessment Framework" Sustainability 11, no. 17: 4525. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174525